{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:46:36Z","timestamp":1791899196239,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011794","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000}}],"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI141436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI141436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI148144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI148144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, causes severe polyarthralgia and polymyalgia, which can last in some people for months to years. Chronic CHIKV disease signs and symptoms are associated with the persistence of viral nucleic acid and antigen in tissues. Like humans and nonhuman primates, CHIKV infection in mice results in the development of robust adaptive antiviral immune responses. Despite this, joint tissue fibroblasts survive CHIKV infection and can support persistent viral replication, suggesting that they escape immune surveillance. Here, using a recombinant CHIKV strain encoding the fluorescent protein VENUS with an embedded CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell epitope, SIINFEKL, we observed a marked loss of both MHC class I (MHC-I) surface expression and antigen presentation by CHIKV-infected joint tissue fibroblasts. Both\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected joint tissue fibroblasts displayed reduced cell surface levels of H2-K\n                    <jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>\n                    and H2-D\n                    <jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>\n                    MHC-I proteins while maintaining similar levels of other cell surface proteins. Mutations within the methyl transferase-like domain of the CHIKV nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) increased MHC-I cell surface expression and antigen presentation efficiency by CHIKV-infected cells. Moreover, expression of WT nsP2 alone, but not nsP2 with mutations in the methyltransferase-like domain, resulted in decreased MHC-I antigen presentation efficiency. MHC-I surface expression and antigen presentation was rescued by replacing VENUS-SIINFEKL with SIINFEKL tethered to \u03b22-microglobulin in the CHIKV genome, which bypasses the requirement for peptide processing and TAP-mediated peptide transport into the endoplasmic reticulum. Collectively, this work suggests that CHIKV escapes the surveillance of antiviral CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, in part, by nsP2-mediated disruption of MHC-I antigen presentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T13:49:49Z","timestamp":1710424189000},"page":"e1011794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Chikungunya virus infection disrupts MHC-I antigen presentation via nonstructural protein 2"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Guston","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana O. L.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1811-2938","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011794.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030263","article-title":"Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak","volume":"3","author":"I Schuffenecker","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"ppat.1011794.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11644","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01432-14","article-title":"Reemergence of chikungunya virus","volume":"88","author":"TE Morrison","year":"2014","journal-title":"J 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Queyriaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011794.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010069","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010069","article-title":"The global epidemiology of chikungunya from 1999 to 2020: A systematic literature review to inform the development and introduction of vaccines","volume":"16","author":"AA Bettis","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011794.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.024","article-title":"Chikungunya infection: self-reported rheumatic morbidity and impaired quality of life persist 6 years later","volume":"21","author":"C Marimoutou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011794.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002137","article-title":"Chikungunya virus-associated long-term arthralgia: a 36-month prospective 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