{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:57:38Z","timestamp":1791403058247,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI148249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI148249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MFE-176621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MFE-176621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["300355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI055428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI055428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30AI169744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30AI169744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 AI154666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 AI154666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The production of IFN-\u03b3 is crucial for control of multiple enteric infections, but its impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is not well understood. <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> parasites exclusively infect epithelial cells and the ability of interferons to activate the transcription factor STAT1 in IEC is required for parasite clearance. Here, the use of single cell RNA sequencing to profile IEC during infection revealed an increased proportion of mid-villus enterocytes during infection and induction of IFN-\u03b3-dependent gene signatures that was comparable between uninfected and infected cells. These analyses were complemented by <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies, which demonstrated that IEC expression of the IFN-\u03b3 receptor was required for parasite control. Unexpectedly, treatment of <jats:italic>Ifng<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice with IFN-\u03b3 showed the IEC response to this cytokine correlates with a delayed reduction in parasite burden but did not affect parasite development. These data sets provide insight into the impact of IFN-\u03b3 on IEC and suggest a model in which IFN-\u03b3 signalling to uninfected enterocytes is important for control of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T20:01:27Z","timestamp":1715198487000},"page":"e1011820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Analysis of intestinal epithelial cell responses to Cryptosporidium highlights the temporal effects of IFN-\u03b3 on parasite restriction"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0024-8888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Pardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn A.","family":"Walzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethan A.","family":"Wallbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica H.","family":"Byerly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keenan M.","family":"O\u2019Dea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian S.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breanne E.","family":"Haskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Roncaioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracyn Y.","family":"Buenconsejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Striepen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3092-1428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"ppat.1011820.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2011.09.006","article-title":"Intestinal development and differentiation","volume":"317","author":"TK Noah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011820.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3210","article-title":"Interferon-inducible effector mechanisms in cell-autonomous immunity","volume":"12","author":"JD MacMicking","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011820.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2503-2508.1998","article-title":"The gamma interferon gene knockout mouse: a highly sensitive model for evaluation of therapeutic agents against Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"36","author":"JK Griffiths","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011820.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/107999003321532501","article-title":"The role of interferons in rotavirus infections and protection","volume":"23","author":"JL Vancott","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref005","article-title":"Immunity to Cryptosporidium: insights into principles of enteric responses to infection","author":"RD Pardy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011820.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.03.001","article-title":"Interferon-gamma regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis through converging beta-catenin signaling pathways","volume":"32","author":"P Nava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7475","key":"ppat.1011820.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/503189a","article-title":"Parasitic infections: Time to tackle cryptosporidiosis","volume":"503","author":"B. Striepen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70772-8","article-title":"A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"W Checkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011820.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.09.007","article-title":"The Biology of the Intestinal Intracellular Parasite Cryptosporidium.","volume":"28","author":"A Guerin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011820.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3001604","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001604","article-title":"Live imaging of the Cryptosporidium parvum life cycle reveals direct development of male and female gametes from type I meronts","volume":"20","author":"ED English","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011820.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0539-x","article-title":"Life cycle progression and sexual development of the apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"4","author":"J Tandel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011820.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.8.3325-3331.1992","article-title":"Immune responses to Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium parvum in adult immunocompetent or immunocompromised (nude and SCID) mice.","volume":"60","author":"V McDonald","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011820.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.6.1297","article-title":"Chronic Cryptosporidium parvum infections in congenitally immunodeficient SCID and nude mice","volume":"163","author":"JR Mead","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011820.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03159.x","article-title":"A potential role for interleukin-18 in inhibition of the development of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"145","author":"V McDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011820.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.07.001","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum: the contribution of Th1-inducing pathways to the resolution of infection in mice","volume":"115","author":"HN Ehigiator","year":"2007","journal-title":"Experimental parasitology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011820.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.002","article-title":"Commensal Cryptosporidium colonization elicits a cDC1-dependent Th1 response that promotes intestinal homeostasis and limits other infections","volume":"54","author":"EV Russler-Germain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref017","article-title":"Intestinal cDC1s provide IL-12 dependent and independent functions required for CD4+ T cell-mediated resistance to Cryptosporidium.","author":"IS Cohn","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011820.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00468-6","article-title":"Enterocyte-innate lymphoid cell crosstalk drives early IFN-gamma-mediated control of Cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"JA Gullicksrud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.006","article-title":"A Genetically Tractable, Natural Mouse Model of Cryptosporidiosis Offers Insights into Host Protective Immunity.","volume":"26","author":"A Sateriale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011820.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010003","article-title":"A genetic screen identifies a protective type III interferon response to Cryptosporidium that requires TLR3 dependent recognition.","volume":"18","author":"AR Gibson","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.02.007","article-title":"Interferon-lambda3 Promotes Epithelial Defense and Barrier Function Against Cryptosporidium parvum Infection","volume":"8","author":"SH Ferguson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37129-0","article-title":"Cryptosporidium uses CSpV1 to activate host type I interferon and attenuate antiparasitic defenses.","volume":"14","author":"S Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011820.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1086\/644601","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum infection rapidly induces a protective innate immune response involving type I interferon","volume":"200","author":"FM Barakat","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011820.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.3.1014","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in an adult mouse model. Independent roles for IFN-gamma and CD4+ T lymphocytes in protective immunity","volume":"147","author":"BL Ungar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011820.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.063","article-title":"Spatial Reconstruction of Single Enterocytes Uncovers Broad Zonation along the Intestinal Villus Axis","volume":"175","author":"AE Moor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011820.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gms006","article-title":"Regulation of the cell cycle via mitochondrial gene expression and energy metabolism in HeLa cells","volume":"44","author":"W Xiong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)."},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01271","article-title":"Intestinal Epithelial Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"X Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"An Update Review. Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011820.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00664-13","article-title":"Gamma interferon-induced guanylate binding protein 1 is a novel actin cytoskeleton remodeling factor","volume":"34","author":"N Ostler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.06.008","article-title":"Partners in anti-crime: how interferon-inducible GTPases and autophagy proteins team up in cell-intrinsic host defense","volume":"54","author":"J Coers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011820.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.021","article-title":"Visualizing the Selectivity and Dynamics of Interferon Signaling In Vivo.","volume":"29","author":"SA Stifter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011820.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.04.031","article-title":"Interferon Receptor Signaling Pathways Regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression.","volume":"19","author":"A Garcia-Diaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011820.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00099.x","article-title":"Biologic functions of the IFN-gamma receptors","volume":"54","author":"G Tau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref033","author":"KA Walzer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transcriptional control of the Cryptosporidium life cycle"},{"issue":"27","key":"ppat.1011820.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16139","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.27.16139","article-title":"Heparin decreases the blood clearance of interferon-gamma and increases its activity by limiting the processing of its carboxyl-terminal sequence","volume":"271","author":"H Lortat-Jacob","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011820.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.153","article-title":"In vitro expansion and genetic modification of gastrointestinal stem cells in spheroid culture","volume":"8","author":"H Miyoshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"7555","key":"ppat.1011820.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14484","article-title":"Cloning and variation of ground state intestinal stem cells","volume":"522","author":"X Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.007","article-title":"A Stem-Cell-Derived Platform Enables Complete Cryptosporidium Development In Vitro and Genetic Tractability.","volume":"26","author":"G Wilke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"18","key":"ppat.1011820.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199818000-00015","article-title":"A clinicopathologic analysis of AIDS-related cryptosporidiosis","volume":"12","author":"JA Lumadue","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"7680","key":"ppat.1011820.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24489","article-title":"A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium","volume":"551","author":"AL Haber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"45","key":"ppat.1011820.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112814118","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing of rotavirus-infected intestinal epithelium reveals cell-type specific epithelial repair and tuft cell infection","volume":"118","author":"C Bomidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086844","article-title":"Interferon-gamma induces expression of MHC class II on intestinal epithelial cells and protects mice from colitis","volume":"9","author":"C Thelemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref042","article-title":"Interferon-gamma induces a cell surface phenotype switch on T84 intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"267","author":"SP Colgan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011820.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.08.007","article-title":"Dietary suppression of MHC class II expression in intestinal epithelial cells enhances intestinal tumorigenesis","volume":"28","author":"S Beyaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011820.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.049","article-title":"Intestinal Epithelial Expression of MHCII Determines Severity of Chemical, T-Cell-Induced, and Infectious Colitis in Mice","volume":"159","author":"DR Jamwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011820.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.151720","article-title":"CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion induced by antigen-driven interaction with intestinal epithelial cells independent of local dendritic cells","volume":"58","author":"AM Westendorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011820.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1630","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00294.2006","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cells from inflammatory bowel disease patients preferentially stimulate CD4+ T cells to proliferate and secrete interferon-gamma","volume":"292","author":"I Dotan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref047","first-page":"221","article-title":"Segmented filamentous bacteria-induced epithelial MHCII regulates cognate CD4+ IELs and epithelial turnover","author":"T Brabec","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"7389","key":"ppat.1011820.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10863","article-title":"Goblet cells deliver luminal antigen to CD103+ dendritic cells in the small intestine","volume":"483","author":"JR McDole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref049","article-title":"Dendritic cell-mediated responses to secreted Cryptosporidium effectors promote parasite-specific CD8+ T cell responses","author":"BE Haskins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011820.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0020221","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00202-21","article-title":"Murine Irgm Paralogs Regulate Nonredundant Functions To Execute Host Defense to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"89","author":"J Dockterman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011820.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0051022","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00510-22","article-title":"Differential Requirement for IRGM Proteins during Tuberculosis Infection in Mice","volume":"91","author":"KM Wilburn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref052","first-page":"118","article-title":"The intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium is controlled by an enterocyte intrinsic inflammasome that depends on NLRP6","author":"A Sateriale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32225-z","article-title":"IFN-gamma stimulated murine and human neurons mount anti-parasitic defenses against the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"13","author":"S Chandrasekaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ppat.1011820.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.10.007","article-title":"Altered levels of STAT1 and STAT3 influence the neuronal response to interferon gamma","volume":"192","author":"RW Rose","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578168","article-title":"Prolonged STAT1 activation in neurons drives a pathological transcriptional response","volume":"382","author":"DN Clark","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref056","first-page":"218","article-title":"Lessons from Toxoplasma: Host responses that mediate parasite control and the microbial effectors that subvert them","author":"EM Frickel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1011820.ref057","first-page":"92","article-title":"Rotavirus Degrades Multiple Interferon (IFN) Type Receptors To Inhibit IFN Signaling and Protects against Mortality from Endotoxin in Suckling Mice.","author":"A Sen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011820.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160340","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii TgIST co-opts host chromatin repressors dampening STAT1-dependent gene regulation and IFN-gamma-mediated host defenses","volume":"213","author":"G Gay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.06.006","article-title":"Toxoplasma Effector Recruits the Mi-2\/NuRD Complex to Repress STAT1 Transcription and Block IFN-gamma-Dependent Gene Expression","volume":"20","author":"P Olias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011820.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.11.7729","article-title":"Extensive characterization of IFN-induced GTPases mGBP1 to mGBP10 involved in host defense","volume":"179","author":"D Degrandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011820.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0377-x","article-title":"Evolutionary genomics of anthroponosis","volume":"4","author":"JL Nader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryptosporidium. Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.11.013","article-title":"Multiple introductions and recombination events underlie the emergence of a hyper-transmissible Cryptosporidium hominis subtype in the USA","volume":"31","author":"W Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2313210120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2313210120","article-title":"Genetic crosses within and between species of Cryptosporidium","volume":"121","author":"S Shaw","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011820.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.10716","article-title":"Loss of STAT1 from mouse mammary epithelium results in an increased Neu-induced tumor burden","volume":"12","author":"PJ Klover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1011820.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","article-title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","volume":"184","author":"Y Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211","article-title":"Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources","volume":"4","author":"W Huang da","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"W1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W216","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac194","article-title":"DAVID: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update).","volume":"50","author":"BT Sherman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"7745","key":"ppat.1011820.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0969-x","article-title":"The single-cell transcriptional landscape of mammalian organogenesis","volume":"566","author":"J Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011820.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4402","article-title":"Reversed graph embedding resolves complex single-cell trajectories.","volume":"14","author":"X Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011820.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859","article-title":"The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells","volume":"32","author":"C Trapnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011820.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01625-6","article-title":"Mapping the immune environment in clear cell renal carcinoma by single-cell genomics","volume":"4","author":"N Borcherding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T20:02:08Z","timestamp":1715198528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011820"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Olias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011820","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]}}}