{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T06:48:04Z","timestamp":1781246884343,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011830","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000}}],"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI162172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI162172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AI162665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI162665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Scholars Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Scholars Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2\/MXB) is an interferon-induced GTPase that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection by preventing nuclear import of the viral preintegration complex. The HIV-1 capsid (CA) is the major viral determinant for sensitivity to MX2, and complex interactions between MX2, CA, nucleoporins (Nups), cyclophilin A (CypA), and other cellular proteins influence the outcome of viral infection. To explore the interactions between MX2, the viral CA, and CypA, we utilized a CRISPR-Cas9\/AAV approach to generate CypA knock-out cell lines as well as cells that express CypA from its endogenous locus, but with specific point mutations that would abrogate CA binding but should not affect enzymatic activity or cellular function. We found that infection of CypA knock-out and point mutant cell lines with wild-type HIV-1 and CA mutants recapitulated the phenotypes observed upon cyclosporine A (CsA) addition, indicating that effects of CsA treatment are the direct result of blocking CA-CypA interactions and are therefore independent from potential interactions between CypA and MX2 or other cellular proteins. Notably, abrogation of GTP hydrolysis by MX2 conferred enhanced antiviral activity when CA-CypA interactions were abolished, and this effect was not mediated by the CA-binding residues in the GTPase domain, or by phosphorylation of MX2 at position T151. We additionally found that elimination of GTPase activity also altered the Nup requirements for MX2 activity. Our data demonstrate that the antiviral activity of MX2 is affected by CypA-CA interactions in a virus-specific and GTPase activity-dependent manner. These findings further highlight the importance of the GTPase domain of MX2 in regulation of substrate specificity and interaction with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T13:58:23Z","timestamp":1711029503000},"page":"e1011830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Virus specificity and nucleoporin requirements for MX2 activity are affected by GTPase function and capsid-CypA interactions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Bailey","family":"Layish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Goli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Flick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Z.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamuka","family":"Kvaratskhelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4580-1210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melissa","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7344","key":"ppat.1011830.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09907","article-title":"A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response","volume":"472","author":"JW Schoggins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011830.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.007","article-title":"Type I interferons in host defense","volume":"25","author":"DB Stetson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011830.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.12.003","article-title":"Mx GTPases: dynamin-like antiviral machines of innate immunity","volume":"23","author":"O Haller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in microbiology"},{"issue":"38","key":"ppat.1011830.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23478","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.38.23478","article-title":"Human MxB protein, an interferon-alpha-inducible GTPase, contains a nuclear targeting signal and is localized in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope","volume":"271","author":"K Melen","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1011830.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8957","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403167101","article-title":"Inhibition of nuclear import and cell-cycle progression by mutated forms of the dynamin-like GTPase MxB","volume":"101","author":"MC King","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"7472","key":"ppat.1011830.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12653","article-title":"MX2 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection","volume":"502","author":"M Kane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7472","key":"ppat.1011830.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12542","article-title":"Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection","volume":"502","author":"C Goujon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011830.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.08.015","article-title":"The interferon-inducible MxB protein inhibits HIV-1 infection","volume":"14","author":"Z Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell host & microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011830.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04379-2","article-title":"MxB is an interferon-induced restriction factor of human herpesviruses","volume":"9","author":"M Crameri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref010","first-page":"92","article-title":"Human MxB Protein Is a Pan-herpesvirus Restriction Factor","author":"M Schilling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011830.ref011","article-title":"Human MxB Inhibits the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus","volume":"93","author":"DR Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-014-0090-z","article-title":"Host and viral determinants for MxB restriction of HIV-1 infection","volume":"11","author":"KA Matreyek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"14","key":"ppat.1011830.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7738","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00214-14","article-title":"Host and viral determinants of Mx2 antiretroviral activity","volume":"88","author":"I Busnadiego","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-014-0129-1","article-title":"The highly polymorphic cyclophilin A-binding loop in HIV-1 capsid modulates viral resistance to MxB","volume":"12","author":"Z Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-014-0068-x","article-title":"MxB binds to the HIV-1 core and prevents the uncoating process of HIV-1","volume":"11","author":"T Fricke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011830.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.09.021","article-title":"Structural insight into HIV-1 restriction by MxB","volume":"16","author":"JL Fribourgh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell host & microbe"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1011830.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9017","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01269-14","article-title":"Transfer of the amino-terminal nuclear envelope targeting domain of human MX2 converts MX1 into an HIV-1 resistance factor","volume":"88","author":"C Goujon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011830.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02247-15","article-title":"Oligomerization Requirements for MX2-Mediated Suppression of HIV-1 Infection","volume":"90","author":"MD Dicks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011830.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.09.005","article-title":"Evolution-guided identification of antiviral specificity determinants in the broadly acting interferon-induced innate immunity factor MxA","volume":"12","author":"PS Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell host & microbe"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011830.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00937-5","article-title":"MX2-mediated innate immunity against HIV-1 is regulated by serine phosphorylation","volume":"6","author":"G Betancor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011830.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0171422","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01714-22","article-title":"MX2 Viral Substrate Breadth and Inhibitory Activity Are Regulated by Protein Phosphorylation","volume":"13","author":"G Betancor","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011830.ref022","article-title":"You Shall Not Pass: MX2 Proteins Are Versatile Viral Inhibitors","volume":"11","author":"G. Betancor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011830.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3503","article-title":"HIV-1 capsid: the multifaceted key player in HIV-1 infection","volume":"13","author":"EM Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-11-11","article-title":"Cyclophilin A promotes HIV-1 reverse transcription but its effect on transduction correlates best with its effect on nuclear entry of viral cDNA","volume":"11","author":"A De Iaco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011830.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002439","article-title":"HIV-1 capsid-cyclophilin interactions determine nuclear import pathway, integration targeting and replication efficiency","volume":"7","author":"T Schaller","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011830.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0592-5","article-title":"Cyclophilin A protects HIV-1 from restriction by human TRIM5alpha","volume":"4","author":"K Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011830.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.100","article-title":"Cyclophilin A Prevents HIV-1 Restriction in Lymphocytes by Blocking Human TRIM5alpha Binding to the Viral Core","volume":"30","author":"A Selyutina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011830.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7110","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.9.7110-7113.1997","article-title":"Active-site residues of cyclophilin A are crucial for its incorporation into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions","volume":"71","author":"T Dorfman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011830.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.04.004","article-title":"Capsid-Dependent Host Factors in HIV-1 Infection","volume":"25","author":"M Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in microbiology"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref030","first-page":"7","article-title":"Nuclear pore heterogeneity influences HIV-1 infection and the antiviral activity of MX2","author":"M Kane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref031","first-page":"9","article-title":"MxB sensitivity of HIV-1 is determined by a highly variable and dynamic capsid surface","author":"RJ Miles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011830.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003461","article-title":"Extreme genetic fragility of the HIV-1 capsid","volume":"9","author":"SJ Rihn","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref033","first-page":"337","volume-title":"Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry","author":"P Flaherty","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011830.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-7-226","article-title":"The cyclophilins","volume":"6","author":"P Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011830.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1667","article-title":"Active site remodeling switches HIV specificity of antiretroviral TRIMCyp","volume":"16","author":"AJ Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011830.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709258105","article-title":"Independent genesis of chimeric TRIM5-cyclophilin proteins in two primate species","volume":"105","author":"CA Virgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6999","key":"ppat.1011830.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02777","article-title":"Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1","volume":"430","author":"DM Sayah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011830.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709003105","article-title":"Independent evolution of an antiviral TRIMCyp in rhesus macaques","volume":"105","author":"SJ Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011830.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4676","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00169-15","article-title":"A triple-arginine motif in the amino-terminal domain and oligomerization are required for HIV-1 inhibition by human MX2","volume":"89","author":"C Goujon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011830.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.10.009","article-title":"The GTPase Domain of MX2 Interacts with the HIV-1 Capsid, Enabling Its Short Isoform to Moderate Antiviral Restriction","volume":"29","author":"G Betancor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011830.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1701264","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1701264","article-title":"CryoEM structure of MxB reveals a novel oligomerization interface critical for HIV restriction","volume":"3","author":"FJD Alvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011830.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008507","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008507","article-title":"TRIM34 restricts HIV-1 and SIV capsids in a TRIM5alpha-dependent manner","volume":"16","author":"M Ohainle","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011830.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-023-00629-4","article-title":"Primate TRIM34 is a broadly-acting, TRIM5-dependent lentiviral restriction factor","volume":"20","author":"J Twentyman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011830.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003693","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003693","article-title":"Nucleoporin NUP153 phenylalanine-glycine motifs engage a common binding pocket within the HIV-1 capsid protein to mediate lentiviral infectivity","volume":"9","author":"KA Matreyek","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1011830.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10504","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818059116","article-title":"Derivation of simian tropic HIV-1 infectious clone reveals virus adaptation to a new host","volume":"116","author":"F Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011830.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006572","article-title":"A single gp120 residue can affect HIV-1 tropism in macaques","volume":"13","author":"GQ Del Prete","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ppat.1011830.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.10.012","article-title":"A one-step SYBR Green I-based product-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay for the quantitation of retroviruses in cell culture supernatants","volume":"156","author":"M Pizzato","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011830.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6005","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.6005-6012.2004","article-title":"Species-specific tropism determinants in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid","volume":"78","author":"T Hatziioannou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011830.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg042","article-title":"Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1","volume":"22","author":"T Hatziioannou","year":"2003","journal-title":"The EMBO journal"},{"issue":"23","key":"ppat.1011830.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11889","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.23.11889-11903.2002","article-title":"Mapping the encapsidation determinants of feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"76","author":"I Kemler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011830.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301023","article-title":"Stable gene transfer to the nervous system using a non-primate lentiviral vector","volume":"6","author":"K Mitrophanous","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011830.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.4.628","article-title":"A transient three-plasmid expression system for the production of high titer retroviral vectors","volume":"23","author":"Y Soneoka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucleic acids research"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011830.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5448","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.12.5448-5456.2001","article-title":"Postentry restriction to human immunodeficiency virus-based vector transduction in human monocytes","volume":"75","author":"S Neil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011830.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58035","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058035","article-title":"Large-scale functional purification of recombinant HIV-1 capsid","volume":"8","author":"M Hung","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011830.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2010.06.042","article-title":"Disulfide bond stabilization of the hexameric capsomer of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"401","author":"O Pornillos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011830.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.04.063","article-title":"X-ray structures of the hexameric building block of the HIV capsid","volume":"137","author":"O Pornillos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011830.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.03.052","article-title":"Jr. A retroviral chimeric capsid protein reveals the role of the N-terminal beta-hairpin in mature core assembly","volume":"410","author":"JR Cortines","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"41","key":"ppat.1011830.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34044","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.384669","article-title":"Interaction of the HIV-1 intasome with transportin 3 protein (TNPO3 or TRN-SR2)","volume":"287","author":"R Larue","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"key":"ppat.1011830.ref059","author":"P. Tol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colour Schemes"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011830.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6726","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.11.6726-6732.1993","article-title":"A functional GTP-binding motif is necessary for antiviral activity of Mx proteins","volume":"67","author":"F Pitossi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011830.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.4.2591-2599.1997","article-title":"Dominant-negative mutants of human MxA protein: domains in the carboxy-terminal moiety are important for oligomerization and antiviral activity","volume":"71","author":"A Ponten","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011830.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.144.6.1097","article-title":"A conserved biogenesis pathway for nucleoporins: proteolytic processing of a 186-kilodalton precursor generates Nup98 and the novel nucleoporin, Nup96","volume":"144","author":"BM Fontoura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"20","key":"ppat.1011830.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.20.11370","article-title":"Autoproteolysis in nucleoporin biogenesis","volume":"96","author":"JS Rosenblum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011830","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T14:41:58Z","timestamp":1712068918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011830"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011830","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.11.16.567336","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]}}}