{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:45:58Z","timestamp":1787863558259,"version":"build-2784847793"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011841","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000}}],"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19AMRB000503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19AMRB000503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20CE350007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20CE350007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages play a key role in disseminated cryptococcosis, a deadly fungal disease caused by <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>. This opportunistic infection can arise following the reactivation of a poorly characterized latent infection attributed to dormant <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic>. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying reactivation of dormant <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> using an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> co-culture model of viable but non-culturable (VBNC; equivalent of dormant) yeast cells with bone marrow-derived murine macrophages (BMDMs). Comparative transcriptome analysis of BMDMs incubated with log, stationary phase or VBNC cells of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> showed that VBNC cells elicited a reduced transcriptional modification of the macrophage but retaining the ability to regulate genes important for immune response, such as NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes. We further confirmed the maintenance of the low immunostimulatory capacity of VBNC cells using multiplex cytokine profiling, and analysis of cell wall composition and dectin-1 ligands exposure. In addition, we evaluated the effects of classic (M1) or alternative (M2) macrophage polarization on VBNC cells. We observed that intracellular residence sustained dormancy, regardless of the polarization state of macrophages and despite indirect detection of pantothenic acid (or its derivatives), a known reactivator for VBNC cells, in the <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic>-containing phagolysosome. Notably, M0 and M2, but not M1 macrophages, induced extracellular reactivation of VBNC cells by the secretion of extracellular vesicles and non-lytic exocytosis. Our results indicate that VBNC cells retain the low immunostimulatory profile required for persistence of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> in the host. We also describe a pro-pathogen role of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> infection and reinforce the impact of non-lytic exocytosis and the macrophage profile on the pathophysiology of cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T19:14:47Z","timestamp":1701371687000},"page":"e1011841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Kicking sleepers out of bed: Macrophages promote reactivation of dormant Cryptococcus neoformans by extracellular vesicle release and non-lytic exocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5207-8892","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raffael J\u00fanio Ara\u00fajo","family":"de Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara Luna","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aude","family":"Sturny-Lecl\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Henrique","family":"B\u00fcrgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Sze Wah","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishukumar","family":"Aimanianda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Varet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anam\u00e9lia Lorenzetti","family":"Bocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-3082","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Alanio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2504","article-title":"Microbial seed banks: the ecological and evolutionary implications of dormancy","volume":"9","author":"JT Lennon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature reviews microbiology"},{"issue":"20","key":"ppat.1011841.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00249","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00249-18","article-title":"Relationship between the viable but nonculturable state and antibiotic persister cells","volume":"200","author":"M Ayrapetyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of bacteriology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011841.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2453","article-title":"Exit from dormancy in microbial organisms","volume":"8","author":"J Dworkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature reviews microbiology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546242","volume-title":"Dormancy and low growth states in microbial disease","author":"AR Coates","year":"2003"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011841.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.031922-0","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms with higher proportions of dormant bacteria induce a lower activation of murine macrophages","volume":"60","author":"F Cerca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of medical microbiology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref006","first-page":"258","article-title":"The importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens","volume":"5","author":"L Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in microbiology"},{"issue":"15","key":"ppat.1011841.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8916","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8916","article-title":"A bacterial cytokine","volume":"95","author":"GV Mukamolova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s42995-020-00041-3","article-title":"Viable but nonculturable bacteria and their resuscitation: implications for cultivating uncultured marine microorganisms","volume":"3","author":"X-H Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Marine Life Science Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.06.016","article-title":"Reactivation of dormant\/latent fungal infection","volume":"77","author":"K Brunet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234089","article-title":"Imported paracoccidioidomycosis: a public health problem in non-endemic areas","volume":"1","author":"L Ajello","year":"1985","journal-title":"European journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0119090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119090","article-title":"Risk factors for invasive Cryptococcus neoformans diseases: a case-control study.","volume":"10","author":"Y-Y Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref012","article-title":"The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection in adults in 2020: a modelling analysis","author":"R Rajasingham","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet infectious diseases"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref013","author":"WHO\u2014World Health Organization","year":"2022","journal-title":"WHO fungal priority pathogens list 2022, October 31"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007945","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007945","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans resists to drastic conditions by switching to viable but non-culturable cell phenotype","volume":"15","author":"B Hommel","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136223","article-title":"Dormancy in Cryptococcus neoformans: 60 years of accumulating evidence","volume":"130","author":"A. Alanio","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref016","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: an atlas of the molecular types.","author":"M. Cogliati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientifica."},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.e66","article-title":"Serologic evidence for Cryptococcus neoformans infection in early childhood","volume":"107","author":"DL Goldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00542-09","article-title":"immunity. Spores as infectious propagules of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"77","author":"R Velagapudi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011841.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00334-09","article-title":"Elucidating the pathogenesis of spores from the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"77","author":"SS Giles","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infection immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/65.1.83","article-title":"The primary pulmonary lymph node complex of cryptococcosis","volume":"65","author":"RD Baker","year":"1976","journal-title":"American journal of clinical pathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00168011","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 76 patients pathologically diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis","volume":"40","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-005-0387-X","volume":"11","author":"K Shibuya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Granuloma and cryptococcosis. Journal of infection and chemotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.832-838.2000","article-title":"Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans pulmonary infection in the rat is associated with intracellular parasitism, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and altered antibody responsiveness to cryptococcal polysaccharide.","volume":"68","author":"DL Goldman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003847","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003847","article-title":"Genotypic diversity is associated with clinical outcome and phenotype in cryptococcal meningitis across Southern Africa.","volume":"9","author":"MA Beale","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases."},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.10.3204-3209.1999","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence for dormant Cryptococcus neoformans infection","volume":"37","author":"D Garcia-Hermoso","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011841.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00242-07","article-title":"Serologic evidence for reactivation of cryptococcosis in solid-organ transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"D Saha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Vaccine Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00375-6","article-title":"Cryptococcemia according to immune status: An analysis of 65 critical cases.","volume":"10","author":"R Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref028","first-page":"431","volume-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans: latency and disease","author":"F Dromer","year":"2011"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581750","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581750","article-title":"Animal models of Cryptococcus neoformans in identifying immune parameters associated with primary infection and reactivation of latent infection","volume":"11","author":"TG Normile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4225-4237.2000","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen in murine pulmonary infection","volume":"68","author":"M Feldmesser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01065-08","article-title":"Evidence of a role for monocytes in dissemination and brain invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"77","author":"C Charlier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infection immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02183","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02183-16","article-title":"Trojan horse transit contributes to blood-brain barrier crossing of a eukaryotic pathogen.","volume":"8","author":"FH Santiago-Tirado","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0306-2","article-title":"Paradoxical roles of alveolar macrophages in the host response to Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"18","author":"TJ McQuiston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Infection Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011841.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00297-09","article-title":"Cytokine signaling regulates the outcome of intracellular macrophage parasitism by Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"77","author":"K Voelz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infection immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402376","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans\u2013induced macrophage lysosome damage crucially contributes to fungal virulence","volume":"194","author":"MJ Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00264","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00264-13","article-title":"Macrophage M1\/M2 polarization dynamically adapts to changes in cytokine microenvironments in Cryptococcus neoformans infection","volume":"4","author":"MJ Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01270-10","article-title":"Effect of cytokine interplay on macrophage polarization during chronic pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"79","author":"S Arora","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref038","article-title":"Alternatively activated lung alveolar and interstitial macrophages promote fungal growth","author":"AB Strickland","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011841.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111815","article-title":"Nutritional conditions modulate C. neoformans extracellular vesicles\u2019 capacity to elicit host immune response","volume":"8","author":"CL Marina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01171-09","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from Cryptococcus neoformans modulate macrophage functions","volume":"78","author":"DL Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00279","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00279-21","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans-infected macrophages release proinflammatory extracellular vesicles: insight into their components by multi-omics.","volume":"12","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio."},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1011841.ref042","first-page":"2161","volume":"16","author":"M Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phagosome extrusion and host-cell survival after Cryptococcus neoformans phagocytosis by macrophages."},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1011841.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.09.032","article-title":"Expulsion of live pathogenic yeast by macrophages","volume":"16","author":"H Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007144","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007144","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans urease affects the outcome of intracellular pathogenesis by modulating phagolysosomal pH.","volume":"14","author":"MS Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens."},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01186.x","article-title":"Capsule enlargement in Cryptococcus neoformans confers resistance to oxidative stress suggesting a mechanism for intracellular survival","volume":"10","author":"O Zaragoza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cellular microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02580","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02580-14","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans host adaptation: toward biological evidence of dormancy.","volume":"6","author":"A Alanio","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio."},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref047","first-page":"e01504","article-title":"Engineered Fluorescent Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans: a Versatile Toolbox for Studies of Host-Pathogen Interactions and Fungal Biology, Including the Viable but Nonculturable State.","volume":"10","author":"RJA de Castro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiology spectrum."},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01279","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01279-22","article-title":"Genetic interaction analysis reveals that Cryptococcus neoformans utilizes multiple acetyl-CoA-generating pathways during infection.","volume":"13","author":"KM Alden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mbio."},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00986","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00986-13","article-title":"Quorum sensing-mediated, cell density-dependent regulation of growth and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"5","author":"P Albuquerque","year":"2014","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref050","volume-title":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","author":"EC Patin","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55579","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055579","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii induces a cytokine pattern that is distinct from other cryptococcal species","volume":"8","author":"T Schoffelen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011841.ref052","first-page":"5528","article-title":"IL-18 protects mice against pulmonary and disseminated infection with Cryptococcus neoformans by inducing IFN-gamma production.","volume":"159","author":"K Kawakami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Saito AJTJoI."},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref053","first-page":"e26232","article-title":"Contributions of the MyD88-dependent receptors IL-18R, IL-1R, and TLR9 to host defenses following pulmonary challenge with Cryptococcus neoformans.","volume":"6","author":"JP Wang","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref054","first-page":"965","volume":"23","author":"G Lei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofilm from a clinical strain of Cryptococcus neoformans activates the NLRP3 inflammasome."},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref055","first-page":"1141","volume":"18","author":"S Paik","year":"2021","journal-title":"An update on the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation."},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref056","first-page":"845","volume":"16","author":"C Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acapsular Cryptococcus neoformans activates the NLRP3 inflammasome."},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref057","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans secretes small molecules that inhibit IL-1\u03b2 inflammasome-dependent secretion","author":"PH B\u00fcrgel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediators of inflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref058","first-page":"259","volume":"15","author":"KM Shepardson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypoxia enhances innate immune activation to Aspergillus fumigatus through cell wall modulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref059","first-page":"e02120","volume":"9","author":"JP Lopes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evasion of immune surveillance in low oxygen environments enhances Candida albicans virulence."},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref060","first-page":"223","volume":"63","author":"TLJArom Doering","year":"2009","journal-title":"How sweet it is! Cell wall biogenesis and polysaccharide capsule formation in Cryptococcus neoformans"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011841.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0220989","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220989","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii alters immunostimulatory potential in response to the environment.","volume":"14","author":"K Ueno","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011841.ref062","first-page":"4513","volume":"83","author":"CM Leopold Wager","year":"2015","journal-title":"STAT1 signaling within macrophages is required for antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref063","first-page":"532","volume":"5","author":"M Rath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism via arginase or nitric oxide synthase: two competing arginine pathways in macrophages"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"PJ Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00824-13","article-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum depends on de novo vitamin biosynthesis for intraphagosomal proliferation","volume":"82","author":"AL Garfoot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infection immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.014","article-title":"Acetyl coenzyme A: a central metabolite and second messenger","volume":"21","author":"F Pietrocola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell metabolism"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011841.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00564-17","article-title":"Lipids affect the Cryptococcus neoformans-macrophage interaction and promote nonlytic exocytosis","volume":"85","author":"SJ Nolan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infection immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-009-0234-1","article-title":"Genetic analysis of coenzyme A biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of a conditional mutation in the pantothenate kinase gene CAB1","volume":"55","author":"J Olzhausen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00093.x","article-title":"Coenzyme A biosynthesis: an antimicrobial drug target","volume":"32","author":"C Spry","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS microbiology reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref070","first-page":"e00158","volume":"2","author":"A Alanio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans-macrophage interactions reveal that fungal background influences outcome during cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in humans."},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref071","first-page":"189","volume-title":"In vitro measurement of phagocytosis and killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages.","author":"AM Nicola","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011841.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090754","article-title":"Pathogenic delivery: the biological roles of cryptococcal extracellular vesicles.","volume":"9","author":"HC de Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104653","article-title":"The intracellular life of Cryptococcus neoformans.","volume":"9","author":"C Coelho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease."},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1159\/000430375","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans infection and immune cell regulation in human monocytes","volume":"37","author":"S Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cellular Physiology Biochemistry"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011841.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0233818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233818","article-title":"Intracellular Cryptococcus neoformans disrupts the transcriptome profile of M1-and M2-polarized host macrophages.","volume":"15","author":"A Subramani","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref076","first-page":"3783","article-title":"Transcriptional Changes in Pulmonary Phagocyte Subsets Dictate the Outcome Following Interaction With The Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.","author":"AN Hawkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011841.ref077","first-page":"4060","volume":"189","author":"SE Hardison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protective immunity against pulmonary cryptococcosis is associated with STAT1-mediated classical macrophage activation."},{"issue":"1_Supplement","key":"ppat.1011841.ref078","first-page":"52.31","volume":"200","author":"N Castro-Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Requirement of CXCL11 chemokine production for induction of protection against pulmonary cryptococcosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095220","article-title":"Role of TNF in the altered interaction of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis with host macrophages","volume":"9","author":"US Gautam","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202112-2747OC","article-title":"Response to hypoxia and the ensuing dysregulation of inflammation impacts mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenicity","volume":"206","author":"AN Buc\u015fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"American journal of respiratory critical care medicine"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1079569","article-title":"Tuberculosis: The success tale of less explored dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"A Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.982167","article-title":"Latency-associated protein Rv2660c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis augments expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by interacting with TLR2.","volume":"47","author":"D Yihao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00056-15","article-title":"The granuloma response controlling cryptococcosis in mice depends on the sphingosine kinase 1\u2013sphingosine 1-phosphate pathway","volume":"83","author":"AM Farnoud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infection Immunity"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4790","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.10.4790","article-title":"The role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the recruitment of monocytes and CD4+ T cells during a pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection.","volume":"155","author":"GB Huffnagle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007566","article-title":"Unveil the transcriptional landscape at the Cryptococcus-host axis in mice and nonhuman primates.","volume":"13","author":"H Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases."},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00341-08","article-title":"Enhanced innate immune responsiveness to pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection is associated with resistance to progressive infection","volume":"76","author":"L Guillot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infection immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993495","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.993495","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study","volume":"13","author":"Y-K Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004754","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles predict risk of early mortality and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"11","author":"JN Jarvis","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix033","article-title":"Differences in immunologic factors among patients presenting with altered mental status during cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"215","author":"S Lofgren","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref090","first-page":"e01076","article-title":"CCR2 Signaling Promotes Brain Infiltration of Inflammatory Monocytes and Contributes to Neuropathology during Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis","volume":"12","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro732","article-title":"Pirofski L-a. The damage-response framework of microbial pathogenesis","volume":"1","author":"A Casadevall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011841.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136221","article-title":"The state of latency in microbial pathogenesis","volume":"130","author":"L-a Pirofski","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref093","first-page":"e02063","article-title":"Immune-mediated damage completes the parabola: Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis can reflect the outcome of a weak or strong immune response.","volume":"8","author":"L-a Pirofski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J MBio"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004948","article-title":"Turning up the heat: inflammasome activation by fungal pathogens.","volume":"11","author":"AH Tavares","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens."},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011841.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.2919-2923.1995","article-title":"Downregulation by cryptococcal polysaccharide of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta secretion from human monocytes","volume":"63","author":"A Vecchiarelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infection immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref096","first-page":"40","article-title":"Yeast transcriptome and in vivo hypoxia detection reveals Histoplasma capsulatum response to low oxygen tension","volume":"54","author":"JC DuBois","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Medical mycology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref097","first-page":"6","article-title":"Oxygen modulates the effectiveness of granuloma mediated host response to mycobacterium tuberculosis: a multiscale computational biology approach.","volume":"6","author":"CL Sershen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Frontiers in cellular infection microbiology"},{"issue":"19","key":"ppat.1011841.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28183","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8594","article-title":"Hypoxia primes human normal prostate epithelial cells and cancer cell lines for the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation.","volume":"7","author":"R Panchanathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oncotarget."},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.686709","article-title":"Hypoxia potentiates palmitate-induced pro-inflammatory activation of primary human macrophages","volume":"291","author":"RG Snodgrass","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"18","key":"ppat.1011841.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620458114","article-title":"Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex potentiates venous thrombosis in response to hypoxia","volume":"114","author":"N Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-018-9631-6","article-title":"Hypoxic expression of NLRP3 and VEGF in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells: contribution of P2Y 2 receptor signaling","volume":"14","author":"F Doktor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Purinergic Signalling"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1011841.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.04.003","article-title":"Infection of human THP-1 cells with dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"E Iona","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202900","article-title":"Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fails to block phagosome maturation and shows unexpected capacity to stimulate specific human T lymphocytes","volume":"191","author":"S Mariotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01572","article-title":"The major chromoblastomycosis etiologic agent Fonsecaea pedrosoi activates the NLRP3 inflammasome.","volume":"8","author":"RJA de Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref105","first-page":"e10008","volume":"5","author":"N Sa\u00efd-Sadier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus stimulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through a pathway requiring ROS production and the Syk tyrosine kinase."},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.3.1491","article-title":"Elemental analysis of Mycobacterium avium-, Mycobacterium tuberculosis-, and Mycobacterium smegmatis-containing phagosomes indicates pathogen-induced microenvironments within the host cell\u2019s endosomal system","volume":"174","author":"D Wagner","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12265","article-title":"Mycobacteria, metals, and the macrophage","volume":"264","author":"O Neyrolles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunological reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011841.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.05.007","article-title":"An encapsulation of iron homeostasis and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"21","author":"JW Kronstad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in microbiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1011841.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac056","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans can utilize ferritin as an iron source","volume":"60","author":"M Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.02.002","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans copper detoxification machinery is critical for fungal virulence","volume":"13","author":"C Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell host microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref111","first-page":"714","article-title":"The effects of biochemical mutation on the virulence of Bacterium typhosum: the virulence of mutants","volume":"31","author":"G Bacon","year":"1950","journal-title":"British journal of experimental pathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1038\/nm765","article-title":"A pantothenate auxotroph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly attenuated and protects mice against tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"VK Sambandamurthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700958","article-title":"The outcome of the Cryptococcus neoformans\u2013macrophage interaction depends on phagolysosomal membrane integrity","volume":"201","author":"D Leon-Rodriguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00855","article-title":"Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-mediated host damage","volume":"9","author":"A Casadevall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967486","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.967486","article-title":"Real-time visualization of phagosomal pH manipulation by Cryptococcus neoformans in an immune signal-dependent way","volume":"12","author":"EJ Santiago-Burgos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"6364","key":"ppat.1011841.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6298","article-title":"Lysosomal metabolomics reveals V-ATPase-and mTOR-dependent regulation of amino acid efflux from lysosomes","volume":"358","author":"M Abu-Remaileh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7929","key":"ppat.1011841.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05221-y","article-title":"CLN3 is required for the clearance of glycerophosphodiesters from lysosomes","volume":"609","author":"NN Laqtom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4020072","article-title":"Vitamin biosynthesis as an antifungal target","volume":"4","author":"Z Meir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.110","article-title":"Coenzyme A: to make it or uptake it","volume":"17","author":"OC Sibon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature reviews Molecular cell biology"},{"issue":"14","key":"ppat.1011841.ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.05.006","article-title":"Coenzyme A precursors flow from mother to zygote and from microbiome to host","volume":"82","author":"Y Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1906","article-title":"Extracellular 4\u2032-phosphopantetheine is a source for intracellular coenzyme A synthesis","volume":"11","author":"B Srinivasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature chemical biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1912","article-title":"Jump-starting CoA biosynthesis.","volume":"11","author":"M De Villiers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature chemical biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011841.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22091388","article-title":"Determination of coenzyme A and acetyl-coenzyme A in biological samples using HPLC with UV detection.","volume":"22","author":"YI Shurubor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref124","first-page":"2215","article-title":"4\u2032-phosphopantetheine acts as a potential antioxidant to limit atherosclerotic plaque formation by inhibiting","author":"T Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"ROS generation. Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011841.ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7115","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01061-16","article-title":"The celecoxib derivative AR-12 has broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro and improves the activity of fluconazole in a murine model of cryptococcosis.","volume":"60","author":"K Koselny","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy."},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.09.004","article-title":"Bridging the gap between viable but non-culturable and antibiotic persistent bacteria","volume":"23","author":"M Ayrapetyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041400315","article-title":"Oxygen gradients in CHO cells: measurement and characterization by electron spin resonance","volume":"140","author":"JF Glockner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of cellular physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041630204","article-title":"Intraphagosomal oxygen in stimulated macrophages","volume":"163","author":"PE James","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Journal of cellular physiology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01368","article-title":"Control of phagocytosis by microbial pathogens","volume":"8","author":"E Uribe-Querol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011841.ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4546","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136068","article-title":"FTY720 reactivates cryptococcal granulomas in mice through S1P receptor 3 on macrophages","volume":"130","author":"AM Bryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1011841.ref131","first-page":"e00580","article-title":"An Immunogenic and Slow-Growing Cryptococcal Strain Induces a Chronic Granulomatous Infection in Murine Lungs.","volume":"90","author":"CL Telzrow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infection Immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804059","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.804059","article-title":"Use of Clinical Isolates to Establish Criteria for a Mouse Model of Latent Cryptococcus neoformans Infection","volume":"11","author":"M Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00073-13","article-title":"The transcriptional response of Cryptococcus neoformans to ingestion by Acanthamoeba castellanii and macrophages provides insights into the evolutionary adaptation to the mammalian host","volume":"12","author":"Paes HC Derengowski LdS","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eukaryotic cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1011841.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsec.2004.06.004","article-title":"Role of catalase and oxyR in the viable but nonculturable state of Vibrio vulnificus","volume":"50","author":"I-S Kong","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050741","article-title":"Yoshida S-i. Restoration of culturability of starvation-stressed and low-temperature-stressed Escherichia coli O157 cells by using H2O2-degrading compounds","volume":"172","author":"Y Mizunoe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Microbiology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-3","article-title":"Characterization and resuscitation of \u2018non-culturable\u2019cells of Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"14","author":"A Ducret","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201439363","article-title":"Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in host\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"16","author":"JS Schorey","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1011841.ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12129","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12129","article-title":"Cryptococcus extracellular vesicles properties and their use as vaccine platforms","volume":"10","author":"J Rizzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of extracellular vesicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03991-6","article-title":"Pathogen-derived extracellular vesicles mediate virulence in the fatal human pathogen Cryptococcus gattii","volume":"9","author":"E Bielska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1011841.ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2010.00245.x","article-title":"Conversion of viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae to the culturable state by co-culture with eukaryotic cells","volume":"54","author":"M Senoh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Microbiology immunology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.01.058","article-title":"Starved viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Legionella strains can infect and replicate in amoebae and human macrophages.","volume":"141","author":"E Dietersdorfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Water Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00540","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00540-18","article-title":"Viable-but-nonculturable Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson induced by chlorine stress remain infectious.","volume":"9","author":"CJ Highmore","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio."},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-014-0470-x","article-title":"Viable but not culturable forms of Legionella pneumophila generated after heat shock treatment are infectious for macrophage-like and alveolar epithelial cells after resuscitation on Acanthamoeba polyphaga","volume":"69","author":"T Epalle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Microbial ecology"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-008-9275-9","article-title":"Long-term survival of Legionella pneumophila in the viable but nonculturable state after monochloramine treatment","volume":"57","author":"L Alleron","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Current microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00056.x","article-title":"The pursuit of cryptococcal pathogenesis: heterologous hosts and the study of cryptococcal host\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"6","author":"R London","year":"2006","journal-title":"J FEMS yeast research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010010","article-title":"The \u2018amoeboid predator-fungal animal virulence\u2019hypothesis.","volume":"5","author":"A Casadevall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref147","first-page":"e02085","article-title":"Laccase affects the rate of Cryptococcus neoformans nonlytic exocytosis from macrophages.","volume":"11","author":"Sousa HRd Fraz\u00e3o SdO","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio."},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07632.x","article-title":"SEC14 is a specific requirement for secretion of phospholipase B1 and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans.","volume":"80","author":"M Chayakulkeeree","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Molecular microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24733-1","article-title":"Principles of seed banks and the emergence of complexity from dormancy","volume":"12","author":"JT Lennon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1011841.ref150","first-page":"e13145","article-title":"Vomocytosis: what we know so far","volume":"22","author":"PI Seoane","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cellular Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1011841.ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030205","article-title":"Inhibition of respiration by nitric oxide induces a Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy program","volume":"198","author":"MI Voskuil","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"key":"ppat.1011841.ref152","article-title":"Induction of dormancy in Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro: the HypNOS protocol.","author":"R Agrawal","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology: Springer Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(02)00226-9","article-title":"A simple micro-growth assay for enumerating bacteria","volume":"53","author":"JD Brewster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of microbiological methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref154","first-page":"e1000258","volume":"5","author":"DL Richie","year":"2009","journal-title":"A role for the unfolded protein response (UPR) in virulence and antifungal susceptibility in Aspergillus fumigatus."},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1011841.ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015263","article-title":"A method for generation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from cryopreserved mouse bone marrow cells","volume":"5","author":"FM Marim","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1011841.ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010697","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010697","article-title":"Bet-hedging antimicrobial strategies in macrophage phagosome acidification drive the dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular escape mechanisms.","volume":"18","author":"Q Dragotakes","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens."},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011841.ref157","first-page":"402","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method."},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref158","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"T Hulsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BioVenn\u2013a web application for the comparison and visualization of biological lists using area-proportional Venn diagrams."},{"issue":"17","key":"ppat.1011841.ref159","article-title":"Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages preparation and arginase activity measurement in IL-4 stimulated macrophages.","volume":"5","author":"L Jim\u00e9nez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bio-protocol."},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1011841.ref160","first-page":"1422674","volume":"7","author":"R Kornilov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Efficient ultrafiltration-based protocol to deplete extracellular vesicles from fetal bovine serum."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011841","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011841","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T18:32:58Z","timestamp":1702405978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011841"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michal A.","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":160,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011841","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011841","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]}}}