{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:54:07Z","timestamp":1790952847128,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011914","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000}}],"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AI103422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AI103422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI060555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI060555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> vaccine approaches aspire to induce Th1 cells for optimal protection, despite the fact that there is no direct evidence demonstrating Th1-mediated <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> clearance from the female reproductive tract (FRT). We recently reported that T-bet-deficient mice can resolve primary <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection normally, undermining the potentially protective role of Th1 cells in <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> immunity. Here, we show that T-bet-deficient mice develop robust Th17 responses and that mice deficient in Th17 cells exhibit delayed bacterial clearance, demonstrating that <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>-specific Th17 cells represent an underappreciated protective population. Additionally, Th2-deficient mice competently clear cervicovaginal infection. Furthermore, we show that sensing of IFN-\u03b3 by non-hematopoietic cells is essential for <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> immunity, yet bacterial clearance in the FRT does not require IFN-\u03b3 secretion by CD4 T cells. Despite the fact that Th1 cells are not necessary for <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> clearance, protective immunity to <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> is still dependent on MHC class-II-restricted CD4 T cells and IL-12p40. Together, these data point to IL-12p40-dependent CD4 effector maturation as essential for <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> immunity, and Th17 cells to a lesser extent, yet neither Th1 nor Th2 cell development is critical. Future <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> vaccination efforts will be more effective if they focus on induction of this protective CD4 T cell population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T20:16:38Z","timestamp":1704226598000},"page":"e1011914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Elimination of Chlamydia muridarum from the female reproductive tract is IL-12p40 dependent, but independent of Th1 and Th2 cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-0702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jordan A.","family":"Rixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Depew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"McSorley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1011914.ref001","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ppat.1011914.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1086\/652397","article-title":"Pathogenesis of genital tract disease due to Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"201","author":"T Darville","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011914.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00543-16","article-title":"Update on Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccinology.","volume":"24","author":"LM de la Maza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"14","key":"ppat.1011914.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.10.016","article-title":"Towards a safe and effective chlamydial vaccine: lessons from the eye","volume":"32","author":"DC Mabey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"50","key":"ppat.1011914.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.10.075","article-title":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop report: \"Chlamydia vaccines: The way forward\".","volume":"37","author":"G Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ppat.1011914.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.08.002","article-title":"Diversity in the T cell response to Chlamydia-sum are better than one","volume":"202","author":"JC Labuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1011914.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftab012","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of genital Chlamydia infection: insights from mouse models.","volume":"79","author":"J Dockterman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathog Dis."},{"key":"ppat.1011914.ref008","first-page":"79","article-title":"T cell responses to Chlamydia","author":"JD Helble","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens and disease"},{"issue":"6241","key":"ppat.1011914.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8205","article-title":"VACCINES. 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