{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:07:55Z","timestamp":1769558875697,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012113","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000}}],"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01AI130115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI130115"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32000664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pujiang Program","award":["22PJD083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22PJD083"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pujiang Program","award":["22PJD057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22PJD057"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["22ZR1467700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1467700"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Dr Song Li"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic viral infections cause T cell dysfunction in both animal models and human clinical settings, thereby affecting the ability of the host immune system to clear viral pathogens and develop proper virus-specific immune memory. However, the impact of chronic viral infections on the host\u2019s immune memory to other pathogens has not been well described. In this study, we immunized mice with recombinant <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> expressing OVA (Lm-OVA) to generate immunity to Lm and allow analysis of OVA-specific memory T (Tm) cells. We then infected these mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strain Cl-13 which establishes a chronic infection. We found that chronically infected mice were unable to protect against <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic> re-challenge. OVA-specific Tm cells showed a progressive loss in total numbers and in their ability to produce effector cytokines in the context of chronic LCMV infection. Unlike virus-specific T cells, OVA-specific Tm cells from chronically infected mice did not up-regulate the expression of inhibitory receptors, a hallmark feature of exhaustion in virus-specific T cells. Finally, OVA-specific Tm cells failed to mount a robust recall response after bacteria re-challenge both in the chronically infected and adoptively transferred na\u00efve hosts. These results show that previously established bacteria-specific Tm cells become functionally impaired in the setting of an unrelated bystander chronic viral infection, which may contribute to poor immunity against other pathogens in the host with chronic viral infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T18:22:21Z","timestamp":1711650141000},"page":"e1012113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic viral infection impairs immune memory to a different 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in Human Memory CD8(+) T Cells.","volume":"6","author":"C Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1012113.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.91","article-title":"Epigenetic manipulation restores functions of defective CD8(+) T cells from chronic viral infection.","volume":"22","author":"F Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1012113.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903830","article-title":"Histone acetylation at the single-cell level: a marker of memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and functionality","volume":"184","author":"JR Dispirito","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7620","key":"ppat.1012113.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19317","article-title":"Follicular CXCR5- expressing CD8(+) T cells curtail chronic viral infection.","volume":"537","author":"R He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1012113.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2313-7","article-title":"PDL1 blockage increases fetal resorption and Tfr cells but does not affect Tfh\/Tfr ratio and B-cell maturation during allogeneic pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"W Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012113","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS 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