{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:24:00Z","timestamp":1790648640793,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012122","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000}}],"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21AI151597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI151597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30GM140963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM140963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P20GM103474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["366502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["366502"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R00GM147842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00GM147842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G-1021106.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-1021106.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirochete\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Borreliella<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species have highly fragmented genomes composed of a linear chromosome and a constellation of linear and circular plasmids some of which are required throughout the enzootic cycle. Included in this plasmid repertoire by almost all Lyme disease spirochetes are the 32-kb circular plasmid cp32 prophages that are capable of lytic replication to produce infectious virions called \u03d5BB-1. While the\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    genome contains evidence of horizontal transfer, the mechanisms of gene transfer between strains remain unclear. While we know that \u03d5BB-1 transduces cp32 and shuttle vector DNA during\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivation, the extent of \u03d5BB-1 DNA transfer is not clear. Herein, we use proteomics and long-read sequencing to further characterize \u03d5BB-1 virions. Our studies identified the cp32\n                    <jats:italic>pac<\/jats:italic>\n                    region and revealed that \u03d5BB-1 packages linear cp32s via a headful mechanism with preferential packaging of plasmids containing the cp32\n                    <jats:italic>pac<\/jats:italic>\n                    region. Additionally, we find \u03d5BB-1 packages fragments of the linear chromosome and full-length plasmids including lp54, cp26, and others. Furthermore, sequencing of \u03d5BB-1 packaged DNA allowed us to resolve the covalently closed hairpin telomeres for the linear\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    chromosome and most linear plasmids in strain CA-11.2A. Collectively, our results shed light on the biology of the ubiquitous \u03d5BB-1 phage and further implicates \u03d5BB-1 in the generalized transduction of diverse genes and the maintenance of genetic diversity in Lyme disease spirochetes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T13:49:16Z","timestamp":1711979356000},"page":"e1012122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterization and genomic analysis of the Lyme disease spirochete bacteriophage \u03d5BB-1"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dominick R.","family":"Faith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margie","family":"Kinnersley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Drecktrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura S.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Santiago-Frangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Wachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Scott","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7123-3037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1012122.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of Lyme disease.","volume":"29","author":"PS Mead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1012122.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0116767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116767","article-title":"Health care costs, utilization and patterns of care following Lyme disease.","volume":"10","author":"ER Adrion","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS 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