{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:42:54Z","timestamp":1790638974486,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012211","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000}}],"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1-AI-150606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1-AI-150606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1-AI-143790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1-AI-143790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1-AI-149456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1-AI-149456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50-AI-030639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50-AI-030639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI-162711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI-162711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1-AI-136862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1-AI-136862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytolytic CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells mediate immunopathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis without controlling parasites. Here, we identify factors involved in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell migration to the lesion that could be targeted to ameliorate disease severity. CCR5 was the most highly expressed chemokine receptor in patient lesions, and the high expression of CCL3 and CCL4, CCR5 ligands, was associated with delayed healing of lesions. To test the requirement for CCR5, <jats:italic>Leishmania-<\/jats:italic>infected Rag1<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> mice were reconstituted with CCR5<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. We found that these mice developed smaller lesions accompanied by a reduction in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell numbers compared to controls. We confirmed these findings by showing that the inhibition of CCR5 with maraviroc, a selective inhibitor of CCR5, reduced lesion development without affecting the parasite burden. Together, these results reveal that CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells migrate to leishmanial lesions in a CCR5-dependent manner and that blocking CCR5 prevents CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell-mediated pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T17:58:24Z","timestamp":1715018304000},"page":"e1012211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["CCR5 promotes the migration of pathological CD8+ T cells to the leishmanial lesions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"La\u00eds","family":"Amorim Sacramento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Farias Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"G. Lombana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Beiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"P. Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"M. Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-0653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Phillip","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0736","article-title":"The elderly respond to antimony therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis similarly to young patients but have severe adverse reactions","volume":"98","author":"AS do Lago","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006052","article-title":"Drug resistance and treatment failure in leishmaniasis: A 21st century challenge.","volume":"11","author":"A Ponte-Sucre","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.651","article-title":"A low-dose antimony treatment in 159 patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis: extensive follow-up studies (up to 10 years).","volume":"57","author":"MP Oliveira-Neto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1086\/518041","article-title":"Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) species on the response to antimonial treatment in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis.","volume":"195","author":"J Arevalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix627","article-title":"Early Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Infected With Leishmania braziliensis Express Increased Inflammatory Responses After Antimony Therapy","volume":"217","author":"RS Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.07.011","article-title":"Granzyme B inhibition by tofacitinib blocks the pathology induced by CD8 T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"141","author":"FO Novais","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref007","first-page":"11","article-title":"Variable gene expression and parasite load predict treatment outcome in cutaneous leishmaniasis","author":"CF Amorim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003504","article-title":"Cytotoxic T cells mediate pathology and metastasis in cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"9","author":"FO Novais","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.305","article-title":"Genomic profiling of human Leishmania braziliensis lesions identifies transcriptional modules associated with cutaneous immunopathology","volume":"135","author":"FO Novais","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006196","article-title":"CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity mediates pathology in the skin by inflammasome activation and IL-1\u03b2 production.","volume":"13","author":"FO Novais","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.05.025","article-title":"Glyburide, a NLRP3 Inhibitor, Decreases Inflammatory Response and Is a Candidate to Reduce Pathology in Leishmania braziliensis Infection","volume":"140","author":"AM Carvalho","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6642","article-title":"Active participation of CCR5(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of liver injury in graft-versus-host disease.","volume":"104","author":"M Murai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109438","article-title":"IL-15 enhances CCR5-mediated migration of memory CD8+ T cells by upregulating CCR5 expression in the absence of TCR stimulation","volume":"36","author":"I-H Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102101","article-title":"Chemokine receptor CXCR3 facilitates CD8(+) T cell differentiation into short-lived effector cells leading to memory degeneration.","volume":"208","author":"M Kurachi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref015","first-page":"E118","article-title":"Expression of chemokine receptor CXCR3 on T cells affects the balance between effector and memory CD8 T-cell generation","volume":"108","author":"JK Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181308","article-title":"CXCR6 regulates localization of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells to the airways","volume":"216","author":"AN Wein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.1.81","article-title":"Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine","volume":"11","author":"T Imai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.2.547","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CCR8 is preferentially expressed in Th2 but not Th1 cells","volume":"161","author":"A Zingoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01322","article-title":"CXCR5+ CD8 T cells: protective or pathogenic?","volume":"10","author":"KM Valentine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01125.x","article-title":"Recruitment of CD8(+) T cells expressing granzyme A is associated with lesion progression in human cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"31","author":"DR Faria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"CD8(+) granzyme B(+)-mediated tissue injury vs. CD4(+)IFN\u03b3(+)-mediated parasite killing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","author":"S Santos C da","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.4"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1070-5","article-title":"Estimating the population abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression","volume":"17","author":"E Becht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009321","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009321","article-title":"Localized skin inflammation during cutaneous leishmaniasis drives a chronic, systemic IFN-\u03b3 signature.","volume":"15","author":"C Farias Amorim","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref024","article-title":"The skin microbiome enhances disease through IL-1b and delays healing in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.","author":"C Farias Amorim","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011552","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011552","article-title":"NKG2D promotes CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and is associated with treatment failure in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"17","author":"LA Sacramento","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14052","article-title":"Commensal-dendritic-cell interaction specifies a unique protective skin immune signature","volume":"520","author":"S Naik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.06.006","article-title":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Induces a Transmissible Dysbiotic Skin Microbiota that Promotes Skin Inflammation.","volume":"22","author":"C Gimblet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadh1469","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adh1469","article-title":"Multiomic profiling of cutaneous leishmaniasis infections reveals microbiota-driven mechanisms underlying disease severity.","volume":"15","author":"C Farias Amorim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref029","first-page":"220","article-title":"Regulatory T cells control Staphylococcus aureus and disease severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis","author":"TP Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009693","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009693","article-title":"Microbiota instruct IL-17A-producing innate lymphoid cells to promote skin inflammation in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"17","author":"TP Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01152","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity","volume":"420","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061886","article-title":"CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) Th1 cells are the source of IL-10-mediated immune suppression in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"204","author":"CF Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30802","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30802","article-title":"Highly specific blockade of CCR5 inhibits leukocyte trafficking and reduces mucosal inflammation in murine colitis","volume":"6","author":"A Mencarelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.104","article-title":"CCR5 Directs the Mobilization of CD11b+Gr1+Ly6Clow Polymorphonuclear Myeloid Cells from the Bone Marrow to the Blood to Support Tumor Development","volume":"21","author":"E Hawila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241475","article-title":"Structure of the CCR5 chemokine receptor-HIV entry inhibitor maraviroc complex","volume":"341","author":"Q Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref036","first-page":"220","article-title":"CCL5-producing migratory dendritic cells guide CCR5+ monocytes into the draining lymph nodes","author":"K Rawat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/76957","article-title":"CCR5 provides a signal for microbial induced production of IL-12 by CD8 alpha+ dendritic cells","volume":"1","author":"J Aliberti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020049","article-title":"CCR5 is essential for NK cell trafficking and host survival following Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"2","author":"IA Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060690","article-title":"CCR5 deficiency drives enhanced natural killer cell trafficking to and activation within the liver in murine T cell-mediated hepatitis","volume":"170","author":"MN Ajuebor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000032","article-title":"CCR5 dictates the equilibrium of proinflammatory IL-17+ and regulatory Foxp3+ T cells in fungal infection","volume":"184","author":"DN Kroetz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/34814","article-title":"CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytes","volume":"391","author":"P Loetscher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.02.006","article-title":"T cell immunity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).","volume":"5","author":"Y Ichiki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00166-6","article-title":"CCR5 delta32, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"102","author":"F Sellebjerg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324285","article-title":"Leukocyte attraction through the CCR5 receptor controls progress from insulitis to diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice","volume":"34","author":"C Carvalho-Pinto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1493","article-title":"CCR5 deficiency decreases susceptibility to experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"101","author":"E Belnoue","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.011","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a key role in the early memory CD8+ T cell response to respiratory virus infections","volume":"29","author":"JE Kohlmeier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00903-X","article-title":"CCR5 mediates specific migration of Toxoplasma gondii-primed CD8 lymphocytes to inflammatory intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"125","author":"S Luangsay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00306","article-title":"CCL3\/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1\u03b1 Is Dually Involved in Parasite Persistence and Induction of a TNF- and IFN\u03b3-Enriched Inflammatory Milieu in Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Chronic Cardiomyopathy.","volume":"11","author":"D Gibaldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/cia2.12092","article-title":"CCR5 is a novel target for the treatment of experimental alopecia areata","volume":"3","author":"T Ito","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cutan Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17161","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.29.17161","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel human CC chemokine receptor (CCR5) for RANTES, MIP-1beta, and MIP-1alpha.","volume":"271","author":"CJ Raport","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.60.1.147","article-title":"Cloning and functional expression of CC CKR5, a human monocyte CC chemokine receptor selective for MIP-1(alpha), MIP-1(beta), and RANTES.","volume":"60","author":"C Combadiere","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/ni735","article-title":"B cells and professional APCs recruit regulatory T cells via CCL4","volume":"2","author":"RS Bystry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000755","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000755","article-title":"Neutrophil-derived CCL3 is essential for the rapid recruitment of dendritic cells to the site of Leishmania major inoculation in resistant mice.","volume":"6","author":"M Charmoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5423","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5423","article-title":"CD8+ T cells are a biologically relevant source of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in vivo","volume":"162","author":"DN Cook","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2003.10.019","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein-1","volume":"36","author":"M Maurer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6364","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6364-6369.2001","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha\/CCL3 is required for clearance of an acute Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonary infection","volume":"69","author":"DM Lindell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref057","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cytotoxic T cells swarm by homotypic chemokine signalling.","author":"JL Galeano Ni\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80110-5","article-title":"Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection","volume":"86","author":"R Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref059","first-page":"1219","article-title":"HIV-1 infection in an individual homozygous for CCR5 delta 32","volume":"349","author":"I Theodorou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Seroco Study Group. Lancet"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2370.2004.00444.x","article-title":"Analysis of the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) Delta32 polymorphism in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease.","volume":"31","author":"X Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Immunogenet"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00573.x","article-title":"Analysis of the CC chemokine receptor 5 delta32 polymorphism in a Brazilian population with cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"34","author":"K Braj\u00e3o de Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04651","article-title":"Chemokines enhance immunity by guiding naive CD8+ T cells to sites of CD4+ T cell-dendritic cell interaction","volume":"440","author":"F Castellino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501176","article-title":"Transient Surface CCR5 Expression by Naive CD8+ T Cells within Inflamed Lymph Nodes Is Dependent on High Endothelial Venule Interaction and Augments Th Cell-Dependent Memory Response","volume":"196","author":"D Askew","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102110","article-title":"Inflammatory chemokine receptors regulate CD8(+) T cell contraction and memory generation following infection.","volume":"208","author":"JE Kohlmeier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008414","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008414","article-title":"CXCR3 chemokine receptor contributes to specific CD8+ T cell activation by pDC during infection with intracellular pathogens.","volume":"14","author":"C Pontes Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425422","article-title":"CXCR3-\/- mice mount an efficient Th1 response but fail to control Leishmania major infection","volume":"35","author":"LE Rosas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.11.025","article-title":"Innate-like Cytotoxic Function of Bystander-Activated CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with Liver Injury in Acute Hepatitis A","volume":"48","author":"J Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501638","article-title":"IL-15 Complexes Induce Migration of Resting Memory CD8 T Cells into Mucosal Tissues","volume":"199","author":"RT Sowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85996","article-title":"IL-15 promotes activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection","volume":"126","author":"S-A Younes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.02.006","article-title":"Discriminating between latent and active tuberculosis with multiple biomarker responses","volume":"91","author":"M Frahm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)."},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1997.4861382.x","article-title":"Serum levels of IL-10, IL-15 and soluble tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptors in type C chronic liver disease.","volume":"109","author":"S Kakumu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref072","first-page":"1789","article-title":"Increased numbers of interleukin-15-expressing cells in active ulcerative colitis","volume":"91","author":"I Kirman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00478.x","article-title":"IL-15 mRNA expression is up-regulated in blood and cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis (MS).","volume":"111","author":"P Kivis\u00e4kk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.02.007","article-title":"IL-15 is elevated in serum patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"69","author":"S Kuczy\u0144ski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.574","article-title":"Association of treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis prior to ulcer development with high rate of failure in northeastern Brazil","volume":"80","author":"A Unger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddtec.2012.07.011","article-title":"Modeling the allosteric modulation of CCR5 function by Maraviroc.","volume":"10","author":"B Lagane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today Technol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33409","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.279596","article-title":"Allosteric model of maraviroc binding to CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5).","volume":"286","author":"J Garcia-Perez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1201248","article-title":"Blockade of lymphocyte chemotaxis in visceral graft-versus-host disease","volume":"367","author":"R Reshef","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-735076","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic impact of CCR5 blockade in graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis","volume":"129","author":"RH Moy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.09.034","article-title":"Extended CCR5 Blockade for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis Improves Outcomes of Reduced-Intensity Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Phase II Clinical Trial.","volume":"25","author":"R Reshef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20060956","article-title":"CCR5-dependent homing of naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T cells to sites of Leishmania major infection favors pathogen persistence","volume":"203","author":"E Yurchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5519","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5519","article-title":"Defects in the generation of IFN-gamma are overcome to control infection with Leishmania donovani in CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5-, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha-, or CCR2-deficient mice.","volume":"163","author":"N Sato","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.10.007","article-title":"Toxin-Triggered Interleukin-1 Receptor Signaling Enables Early-Life Discrimination of Pathogenic versus Commensal Skin Bacteria","volume":"26","author":"JM Leech","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"MD Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0327-7_16","article-title":"Immunedeconv: An R Package for Unified Access to Computational Methods for Estimating Immune Cell Fractions from Bulk RNA-Sequencing Data.","volume":"2120","author":"G Sturm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1012211.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3519","article-title":"Near-optimal probabilistic RNA-seq quantification","volume":"34","author":"NL Bray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012211","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T18:07:55Z","timestamp":1715882875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012211"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Wetzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012211","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012211","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]}}}