{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:56:18Z","timestamp":1767182178136,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012474","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000}}],"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022R1A2C100986511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C100986511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2023-00248263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00248263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    causes fatal septicemia in humans. Previously, we reported that an extracellular metalloprotease, vEP-45, secreted by\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , undergoes self-proteolysis to generate a 34 kDa protease (vEP-34) by losing its C-terminal domain to produce the C-ter100 peptide. Moreover, we revealed that vEP-45 and vEP-34 proteases induce blood coagulation and activate the kallikrein\/kinin system. However, the role of the C-ter100 peptide fragment released from vEP-45 in inducing inflammation is still unclear. Here, we elucidate, for the first time, the effects of C-ter100 on inducing inflammation and activating host innate immunity. Our results showed that C-ter100 could activate NF-\u03baB by binding to the receptor TLR4, thereby promoting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and molecules, such as TNF-\u03b1 and nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, C-ter100 could prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1), causing IL-1\u03b2 secretion. In mice, C-ter100 induced the recruitment of immune cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, along with histamine release into the plasma. Furthermore, the inflammatory response induced by C-ter100 could be effectively neutralized by an anti-C-ter100 monoclonal antibody (C-ter100Mab). These results demonstrate that C-ter100 can be a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that activates an innate immune response during\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and could be a target for the development of antibiotics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T16:57:42Z","timestamp":1724691462000},"page":"e1012474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["C-ter100 peptide derived from Vibrio vEP-45 protease acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern to induce inflammation and innate immunity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8789-9829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weontae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Sup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1012474.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000324022","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory mechanisms in sepsis","author":"DL Chong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sepsis-Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Responses. 17: Karger 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Medzhitov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1012474.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.01.004","article-title":"How bacterial pathogens colonize their hosts and invade deeper tissues","volume":"17","author":"D Ribet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ppat.1012474.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220526","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1220526","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Vibrio vulnificus infection in the coastal city of Ningbo, China.","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1012474.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548909021703","article-title":"Vibrio vulnificus infection","volume":"21","author":"YC Chuang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Infect 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