{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:48:47Z","timestamp":1780418927514,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012661","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000}}],"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["R01 AI153425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI153425"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["F31 AI169993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 AI169993"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["TL1 TR002647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR002647"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["U19 AI150741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI150741"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["U19 AI089674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI089674"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> infections elicit strong humoral immune responses to two main groups of antigens expressed by blood-stage parasites: merozoite antigens that are involved in the erythrocyte invasion process and variant surface antigens that mediate endothelial sequestration of infected erythrocytes. Long-lived B cells against both antigen classes can be detected in the circulation for years after exposure, but have not been directly compared. Here, we studied the phenotype of long-lived memory and atypical B cells to merozoite antigens (MSP1 and AMA1) and variant surface antigens (the CIDR\u03b11 domain of PfEMP1) in ten Ugandan adults before and after local reduction of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> transmission. After a median of 1.7 years without <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> infections, the percentage of antigen-specific activated B cells declined, but long-lived antigen-specific B cells were still detectable in all individuals. The majority of MSP1\/AMA1-specific B cells were CD95<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> memory B cells, which are primed for rapid differentiation into antibody-secreting cells, and FcRL5<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>T-bet<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> atypical B cells. On the other hand, most CIDR\u03b11-specific B cells were CD95<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CD11c<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> memory B cells. CIDR\u03b11-specific B cells were also enriched among a subset of atypical B cells that seem poised for antigen presentation. These results point to differences in how these antigens are recognized or processed by the immune system and how <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>-specific B cells will respond upon re-infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T17:43:28Z","timestamp":1730137408000},"page":"e1012661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differences in phenotype between long-lived memory B cells against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens and variant surface antigens"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2234-4758","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raphael A.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Ssewanyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna","family":"Jagannathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Feeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lavstsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Greenhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3843-6657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Bol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4003-3053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evelien M.","family":"Bunnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1012661.ref001","unstructured":"World malaria report 2023. 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Uganda","volume":"13","author":"M Kilama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ppat.1012661.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0312","article-title":"Malaria Transmission, Infection, and Disease at Three Sites with Varied Transmission Intensity in Uganda: Implications for Malaria Control","volume":"92","author":"MR Kamya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ppat.1012661.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.11.007","article-title":"Structural Conservation Despite Huge Sequence Diversity Allows EPCR Binding by the PfEMP1 Family Implicated in Severe Childhood Malaria","volume":"17","author":"CKY Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ppat.1012661.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22625","article-title":"FlowSOM: Using self-organizing maps for visualization and interpretation of cytometry 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