{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:41:38Z","timestamp":1781624498126,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012688","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000}}],"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["214374\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214374\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221924\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221924\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gonorrhoea, caused by <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>, is a common sexually transmitted infection. Increasing multi-drug resistance and the impact of asymptomatic infections on sexual and reproductive health underline the need for an effective gonococcal vaccine. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> induce modest cross-protection against gonococcal infection. However, the presence of proteins in OMVs derived from <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> that manipulate immune responses could hamper their success as a vaccine. Here we modified two key immunomodulatory proteins of the gonococcus; RmpM, which can elicit \u2018blocking antibodies\u2019, and PorB, an outer membrane porin which contributes to immunosuppression. As meningococcal PorB has adjuvant properties, we replaced gonococcal PorB with a meningococcal PorB. Immunisation with OMVs from <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> lacking <jats:italic>rmpM<\/jats:italic> and expressing meningococcal <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic> elicited higher antibody titres against model antigens in mice compared to OMVs with native PorB. Further, a gonococcal protein microarray revealed stronger IgG antibody responses to a more diverse range of antigens in the <jats:italic>Nm<\/jats:italic> PorB OMV immunised group. Finally, meningococcal PorB OMVs resulted in a Th1-skewed response, exemplified by increased serum IgG2a antibody responses and increased IFN\u0263 production by splenocytes from immunised mice. In summary, we demonstrate that the replacement of PorB in gonococcal OMVs enhances immune responses and offers a strategy for gonococcal vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T18:46:24Z","timestamp":1731609984000},"page":"e1012688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Tackling immunosuppression by Neisseria gonorrhoeae to facilitate vaccine design"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rebekah A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidel","family":"Ramirez-Bencomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Lavender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacper","family":"Kurzyp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Thistlethwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Stejskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smruti","family":"Rashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Jerse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Cehovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Derrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-3245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christoph M.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1012688.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19023","article-title":"World Health Organization Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (WHO GASP): review of new data and evidence to inform international collaborative actions and research efforts","volume":"16","author":"M. Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"ppat.1012688.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00481-z","article-title":"Systematic Literature Review and Quantitative Analysis of Health Problems Associated with Sexually Transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection","volume":"10","author":"J. Whelan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1012688.ref003","first-page":"33","article-title":"The role of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV transmission","volume":"1","author":"S. R. Galvin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology 2004 2"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1012688.ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gonorrhoea.","volume":"1","author":"M. 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