{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:17:55Z","timestamp":1787239075687,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012716","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000}}],"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1-AI150606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1-AI150606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a risk factor for developing visceral leishmaniasis (VL). While nutrient deficiency can impair immunity, its mechanistic impact on protective adaptive immune responses following\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection remains unknown. To determine the potential negative impacts of malnutrition on anti-parasitic responses in chronic VL, we provided mice with a polynutrient-deficient diet (deficient protein, energy, zinc, and iron) that mimics moderate human malnutrition. The polynutrient-deficient diet resulted in growth stunting and reduced mass of visceral organs and following infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , malnourished-mice harbored more parasites in the spleen and liver. Malnourished and infected mice also had fewer T lymphocytes, with reduced T cell production of IFN-\u03b3 required for parasite clearance and enhanced production of the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10. To determine if IL-10 was causative in disease progression in the malnourished mice, we treated infected mice with monoclonal antibody \u03b1-IL-10R. \u03b1-IL-10R treatment reduced the parasite number in malnourished mice, restored the number of T cells producing IFN-\u03b3, and enhanced hepatic granuloma formation. Our results indicate that malnutrition increases VL susceptibility due to defective IFN-\u03b3-mediated immunity attributable to increased IL-10 production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T13:43:59Z","timestamp":1731332639000},"page":"e1012716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Malnutrition disrupts adaptive immunity during visceral leishmaniasis by enhancing IL-10 production"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"La\u00eds","family":"Amorim Sacramento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gonzalez-Lombana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-0653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Phillip","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1012716.ref001","first-page":"14","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Protein-Energy Malnutrition: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ppat.1012716.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i5407","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5407","article-title":"Undernutrition, nutritionally acquired immunodeficiency, and tuberculosis control","volume":"355","author":"A. 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