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Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme regulating <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> biosynthesis of fatty acids, is crucial for the lethal infection of fungi; however, its pathogenic mechanism is still far from clear. Here, we identified the \u03b1 subunit of FASN as a potential immunotherapeutic target against systemic <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> infection. The avirulence of the encoded gene (<jats:italic>FAS2<\/jats:italic>) -deleted mutant in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis is not due to its fitness defects, because sufficient exogenous fatty acids in serum can overcome FASN inhibition. However, the <jats:italic>FAS2<\/jats:italic>-deleted mutant displays increased circulating innate immune responses and enhances activated neutrophil fungicidal activity through the unmasking of immunogenic cell wall epitopes <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the Rho-1 dependent Mkc1-MAPK signaling pathway, which facilitates fungal clearance, reduces renal tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration, ultimately lowers fungal pathogenicity. Priming with the <jats:italic>FAS2<\/jats:italic>-deleted mutant provided significant protection against subsequent lethal infection with wild-type <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> in mice as early as one week, and it was well-tolerated with limited toxicity. Our findings indicate that the FASN-\u03b1 subunit plays key roles in the regulation of neutrophil-associated antifungal immunity and could be a potential target for immunotherapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T20:56:53Z","timestamp":1743022613000},"page":"e1012865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Systemic infection by Candida albicans requires FASN-\u03b1 subunit induced cell wall remodeling to perturb immune 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