{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T04:30:43Z","timestamp":1742358643576,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2604200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2604200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31920103015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920103015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32161143011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium, has emerged as a common nontyphoidal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serotype to cause human foodborne disease, exhibiting antibiotic and multidrug resistance. In this study, we identified the isolates of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) disinfectants, displaying elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (200 \u03bcg\/mL) in Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth. The efflux pump SugE1 and SugE2 could be induced by didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and found to be indispensable for <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- resistance to DDAB. The Hoechst 33342 dye accumulation and reduced ethidium bromide efflux in \u0394<jats:italic>sugE1<\/jats:italic>, \u0394<jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>sugE1<\/jats:italic>\u0394<jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> further confirmed the efflux function of SugE1 and SugE2. Moreover, DDAB inhibited the expression of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) to decrease the adhesion and invasion ability of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:- in IPEC-J2 cells, whereas the deletion of <jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> increased the adhesion and invasion ability. In an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> mice model, the virulence of \u0394<jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>sugE1<\/jats:italic>\u0394<jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> mutant strains were enhanced and showed significantly increased bacterial loads in the liver, spleen, and cecum. The \u0394<jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>sugE1<\/jats:italic>\u0394<jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> mutant strains exhibited an enhanced ability to disrupt the intestinal barrier, leading to systemic infection. Finally, we discovered that intestinal extracts could induce <jats:italic>sugE1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sugE2<\/jats:italic> expression, subsequently suppressing SPI-1 expression through SugE2, mediating the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> intestinal infection process. In conclusion, our findings provide the pivotal role of the SugE2 efflux pump in conferring resistance to DDAB disinfectants and influencing bacterial virulence in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. 4,[5],12:i:-.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T17:25:28Z","timestamp":1742318728000},"page":"e1012951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The efflux pump SugE2 involved in protection of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- against quaternary ammonium salts and inhibition of virulence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaya","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xilong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6833-5358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1012951.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2676","article-title":"The 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