{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:40:50Z","timestamp":1776904850389,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012963","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000}}],"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["824110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["824110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/Y009770\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/Y009770\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Psoroptes ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a mite species that feeds on sheep, cattle, other ungulates, rabbits, and horses, which can develop into a severe exudative dermatitis known as psoroptic mange. The macrocyclic lactone (ML) family of acaricides are commonly used to control psoroptic mange. However, certain strains of cattle and sheep mites have developed resistance against MLs, which has led to reduced treatment efficacy and even treatment failure. Here we investigated the genetic basis of ML resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>P. ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    mites collected from cattle across Belgium. We compared gene expression between susceptible and resistant mites before and after exposure to ivermectin and genetic diversity between a single susceptible and resistant populations. We generated chromosomal genome assemblies of\n                    <jats:italic>P. ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    derived from sheep and cattle respectively and correlated genomic diversity of susceptible and resistant\n                    <jats:italic>P. ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations sampled across Belgium. Gene expression data revealed constitutive over-expression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) gene and two tandemly located UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes among others. On investigation of the genomic data, we observed copy number variation at both loci in population genomic data. The CYP gene is not amplified in the susceptible population but occurs in multiple copies in all resistant populations and is associated with a peak in F\n                    <jats:sub>st<\/jats:sub>\n                    between resistant and susceptible populations indicative of selection. By contrast, the two UGT genes are massively and tandemly amplified in all populations including the susceptible dataset with weaker F\n                    <jats:sub>st<\/jats:sub>\n                    between populations than the amplified CYP gene. Hence, distinct mechanisms of amplification and gene regulation are occurring at these putative resistance loci in\n                    <jats:italic>P. ovis.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T17:44:26Z","timestamp":1753811066000},"page":"e1012963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Over-expression and increased copy numbers of a cytochrome P450 and two UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes in macrocyclic lactone resistant Psoroptes ovis of cattle"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-4949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jack","family":"Hearn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"van Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5079-5097","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roel","family":"Meyermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Bartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Alioto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e8ssica","family":"G\u00f3mez-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4098-8829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernando","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"C\u00e2mara Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Gut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7219-632X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivo G.","family":"Gut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7313-3088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadine","family":"Buys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-3889","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karyn","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0072-9649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Roose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4651-830X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wannes","family":"Dermauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6787-4699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John S.","family":"Gilleard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0638-1700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Russell W.","family":"Avramenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8222-2966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Geldhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-2791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edwin","family":"Claerebout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9268-7641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stewart T. G.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1012963.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.m3888","article-title":"The high cost of sheep scab","volume":"187","author":"EJ Nixon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ppat.1012963.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.08.003","article-title":"Parasitic mites of medical and veterinary importance\u2013is there a common research agenda?","volume":"44","author":"K Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1012963.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(86)90124-9","article-title":"History, biology and control of sheep scab","volume":"2","author":"AC Kirkwood","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ppat.1012963.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00059-X","article-title":"The pathology of Psoroptes ovis infestation in cattle with a special emphasis on breed difference","volume":"83","author":"BJ Losson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1012963.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-024-00921-7","article-title":"Genetic and genomic analysis of Belgian Blue\u2019s susceptibility for psoroptic mange","volume":"56","author":"R Meyermans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genet Sel Evol"},{"key":"ppat.1012963.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2002.0627","article-title":"Sheep scab: the disease, pathogenesis and control","volume":"128","author":"AH van den Broek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp 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Macromol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1012963.ref037","first-page":"2831","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic plasticity of acaricide resistance in populations of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on peppermint and silage corn in the Pacific Northwest","volume":"111","author":"AW Adesanya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"ppat.1012963.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-021-01342-x","article-title":"Mechanisms and management of acaricide resistance for Tetranychus urticae in agroecosystems","volume":"94","author":"AW Adesanya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1012963.ref039","article-title":"Draft genome assembly of the sheep Scab Mite, Psoroptes ovis","volume":"6","author":"STG Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome 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