{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T06:35:57Z","timestamp":1792305357231,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013045","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000}}],"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["NIH\/NIAID R01 AI174538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIAID R01 AI174538"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["NIH\/NIAID R01 AI085015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIAID R01 AI085015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>APOBEC3 family proteins are critical host factors that counteract and prevent the replication of retroviruses and other viruses through cytidine deamination. Human APOBEC3 proteins inactivate HIV-1 through the introduction of lethal mutations to viral genomes. In contrast, mouse APOBEC3 does not induce DNA hypermutation of murine retroviruses, although it retains functional cytidine deaminase activity. Why mouse APOBEC3 does not effectively deaminate murine retroviruses is still unknown. In this study, we found that the dead box helicase DHX15 interacts with mouse APOBEC3 and inhibits its deamination activity. DHX15 was packaged into murine leukemia virus (MLV) virions independent of its binding with APOBEC3. Moreover, DHX15 knockdown inhibited MLV replication and resulted in more G-to-A mutations in proviral DNA. Finally, DHX15 knockdown induced DNA damage in murine cells, suggesting that it plays a role in preserving genome integrity in cells expressing mouse APOBEC3 protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T18:04:06Z","timestamp":1743530646000},"page":"e1013045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DHX15 inhibits mouse APOBEC3 deamination"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wenming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayan","family":"Modak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3094-3769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susan R.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013045.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501504","article-title":"APOBEC3 proteins in viral immunity","volume":"195","author":"S Stavrou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013045.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111217","article-title":"Mouse APOBEC3 restriction of retroviruses","volume":"12","author":"K Salas-Briceno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6898","key":"ppat.1013045.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00939","article-title":"Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein","volume":"418","author":"AM Sheehy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1013045.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11398","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11398-11407.2003","article-title":"The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif protein reduces intracellular expression and inhibits packaging of APOBEC3G (CEM15), a cellular inhibitor of virus infectivity","volume":"77","author":"S Kao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013045.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/nm946","article-title":"HIV-1 Vif protein binds the editing enzyme APOBEC3G and induces its degradation","volume":"9","author":"M Marin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013045.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/nm945","article-title":"The antiretroviral enzyme APOBEC3G is degraded by the proteasome in response to HIV-1 Vif","volume":"9","author":"AM Sheehy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6944","key":"ppat.1013045.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01707","article-title":"The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA","volume":"424","author":"H Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013045.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7792","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313093200","article-title":"Vif overcomes the innate antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by promoting its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway","volume":"279","author":"A Mehle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5647","key":"ppat.1013045.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089591","article-title":"Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex","volume":"302","author":"X Yu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7437","key":"ppat.1013045.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11881","article-title":"APOBEC3B is an enzymatic source of mutation in breast cancer","volume":"494","author":"MB Burns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013045.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1011043","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011043","article-title":"Mutational impact of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B in a human cell line and comparisons to breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"MA Carpenter","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013045.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.12.068","article-title":"Antiviral function of APOBEC3G can be dissociated from cytidine deaminase activity","volume":"15","author":"ENC Newman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013045.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000231","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000231","article-title":"APOBEC3G inhibits elongation of HIV-1 reverse transcripts","volume":"4","author":"KN Bishop","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013045.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5250","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02358-09","article-title":"APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G inhibit HIV-1 DNA integration by different mechanisms","volume":"84","author":"JL Mbisa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013045.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02536-08","article-title":"Expression of murine APOBEC3 alleles in different mouse strains and their effect on mouse mammary tumor virus infection","volume":"83","author":"CM Okeoma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1013045.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6566","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01357-07","article-title":"Interactions of murine APOBEC3 and human APOBEC3G with murine leukemia viruses","volume":"82","author":"SJ Rulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013045.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3850","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03456-13","article-title":"Biochemical and biological studies of mouse APOBEC3","volume":"88","author":"S Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013045.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00112-13","article-title":"APOBEC3 inhibition of mouse mammary tumor virus infection: the role of cytidine deamination versus inhibition of reverse transcription","volume":"87","author":"AL MacMillan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013045.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004145","article-title":"Different modes of retrovirus restriction by human APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G in vivo","volume":"10","author":"S Stavrou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013045.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00168-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00168-18","article-title":"Deaminase-dead mouse APOBEC3 is an in vivo retroviral restriction factor","volume":"92","author":"S Stavrou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ppat.1013045.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217399110","article-title":"Murine leukemia virus glycosylated Gag blocks apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 and cytosolic sensor access to the reverse transcription complex","volume":"110","author":"S Stavrou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"18","key":"ppat.1013045.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10.1128\/jvi.00032-20(18)","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00032-20","article-title":"Murine leukemia virus P50 protein counteracts APOBEC3 by blocking its packaging","volume":"94","author":"W Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"15","key":"ppat.1013045.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.06.055","article-title":"Murine retrovirus escapes from murine APOBEC3 via two distinct novel mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"A Abudu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013045.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007533","article-title":"A high rate of polymerization during synthesis of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA alleviates hypermutation by APOBEC3 proteins","volume":"15","author":"B Hagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013045.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7330","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku357","article-title":"The telomerase inhibitor Gno1p\/PINX1 activates the helicase Prp43p during ribosome biogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Y-L Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013045.ref026","first-page":"5359","article-title":"The G-patch protein NF-\u03baB-repressing factor mediates the recruitment of the exonuclease XRN2 and activation of the RNA helicase DHX15 in human ribosome biogenesis","volume":"45","author":"I Memet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1013045.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7159","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913880117","article-title":"Structural basis for DEAH-helicase activation by G-patch proteins","volume":"117","author":"MK Studer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013045.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn1002","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of post-splicing lariat-intron complexes","volume":"37","author":"R Yoshimoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013045.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303322","article-title":"DHX15 senses double-stranded RNA in myeloid dendritic cells","volume":"193","author":"H Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013045.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.273","article-title":"RNA helicase DHX15 acts as a tumour suppressor in glioma","volume":"117","author":"S Ito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013045.ref031","first-page":"234","article-title":"Relationship between DHX15 expression and survival in colorectal cancer","volume":"115","author":"L Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"issue":"49","key":"ppat.1013045.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2216712119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216712119","article-title":"DHX15 is involved in SUGP1-mediated RNA missplicing by mutant SF3B1 in cancer","volume":"119","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ppat.1013045.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.10.006","article-title":"Overexpression and clinical relevance of the RNA helicase DHX15 in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"84","author":"C Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ppat.1013045.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S103648","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit the migration and proliferation of gastric cancer by increasing DHX15 expression","volume":"11","author":"Y-F Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013045.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108571","article-title":"A helicase-independent role of DHX15 promotes MYC stability and acute leukemia cell survival","volume":"27","author":"Q Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"ppat.1013045.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5737","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-164557","article-title":"Loss of DHX15 function impairs hematopoiesis in Vav-Dhx15-KO mice and cause DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines","volume":"140","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"39","key":"ppat.1013045.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29105","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M601901200","article-title":"The anti-HIV-1 editing enzyme APOBEC3G binds HIV-1 RNA and messenger RNAs that shuttle between polysomes and stress granules","volume":"281","author":"SL Kozak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013045.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02287-06","article-title":"Antiviral protein APOBEC3G localizes to ribonucleoprotein complexes found in P bodies and stress granules","volume":"81","author":"S Gallois-Montbrun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013045.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5636","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00287-08","article-title":"Comparison of cellular ribonucleoprotein complexes associated with the APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G antiviral proteins","volume":"82","author":"S Gallois-Montbrun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1013045.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00331","article-title":"Novel murine dendritic cell lines: a powerful auxiliary tool for dendritic cell research","volume":"3","author":"SA Fuertes Marraco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013045.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2018.0163","article-title":"DHX15 is a coreceptor for RLR signaling that promotes antiviral defense against RNA virus infection","volume":"39","author":"S Pattabhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"ppat.1013045.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035711","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1035711","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of intestinal epithelia cells sensed by RIG-I and DHX-15 evokes innate immune response and immune cross-talk","volume":"12","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"323","key":"ppat.1013045.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra40","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004841","article-title":"The DEAH-box RNA helicase DHX15 activates NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling downstream of MAVS during antiviral responses","volume":"7","author":"K Mosallanejad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013045.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5870","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.9.5870-5874.2005","article-title":"Viral RNA is required for the association of APOBEC3G with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleoprotein complexes","volume":"79","author":"MA Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"7130","key":"ppat.1013045.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05540","article-title":"APOBEC3 inhibits mouse mammary tumour virus replication in vivo","volume":"445","author":"CM Okeoma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"33","key":"ppat.1013045.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34083","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C400235200","article-title":"APOBEC3G is incorporated into virus-like particles by a direct interaction with HIV-1 Gag nucleocapsid protein","volume":"279","author":"TM Alce","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1013045.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12058","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.21.12058-12061.2004","article-title":"APOBEC3G incorporation into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles","volume":"78","author":"V Zennou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013045.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.08.006","article-title":"Specific packaging of APOBEC3G into HIV-1 virions is mediated by the nucleocapsid domain of the gag polyprotein precursor","volume":"328","author":"A Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013045.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.05.006","article-title":"The incorporation of APOBEC3 proteins into murine leukemia viruses","volume":"378","author":"L Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013045.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0235012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235012","article-title":"Deficient uracil base excision repair leads to persistent dUMP in HIV proviruses during infection of monocytes and macrophages","volume":"15","author":"M Meshesha","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ppat.1013045.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.03.012","article-title":"APOBECs and virus restriction","author":"RS Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013045.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01371-07","article-title":"Species-specific restriction of apobec3-mediated hypermutation","volume":"82","author":"EP Browne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"48","key":"ppat.1013045.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36624","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M604980200","article-title":"Reversed functional organization of mouse and human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase domains","volume":"281","author":"Y Hakata","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"15","key":"ppat.1013045.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.06.057","article-title":"Cytidine deamination of retroviral DNA by diverse APOBEC proteins","volume":"14","author":"KN Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013045.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109205","article-title":"DHX15 is required to control RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation","volume":"35","author":"J Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"40","key":"ppat.1013045.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2407990121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2407990121","article-title":"Unveiling the DHX15-G-patch interplay in retroviral RNA packaging","volume":"121","author":"A Dost\u00e1lkov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013045.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13525","article-title":"ETS1 and SP1 drive DHX15 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"22","author":"X-L Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013045.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.371","article-title":"DHX15 promotes prostate cancer progression by stimulating Siah2-mediated ubiquitination of androgen receptor","volume":"37","author":"Y Jing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"22","key":"ppat.1013045.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11550","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01430-09","article-title":"The AKV murine leukemia virus is restricted and hypermutated by mouse APOBEC3","volume":"83","author":"M-A Langlois","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013045.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02347-08","article-title":"Induction of APOBEC3 in vivo causes increased restriction of retrovirus infection","volume":"83","author":"CM Okeoma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6148","key":"ppat.1013045.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240933","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses","volume":"341","author":"D Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013045.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.11.003","article-title":"APOBEC3 proteins expressed in mammary epithelial cells are packaged into retroviruses and can restrict transmission of milk-borne virions","volume":"8","author":"CM Okeoma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013045.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.051","article-title":"Enhanced replication and pathogenesis of Moloney murine leukemia virus in mice defective in the murine APOBEC3 gene","volume":"385","author":"A Low","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013045","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T13:31:31Z","timestamp":1744378291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013045"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David T.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013045","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.08.19.608612","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}}}