{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T05:00:22Z","timestamp":1771563622889,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013047","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000}}],"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002543","name":"Pusan National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein (BPI)-inducible protein A (BipA) is a highly conserved protein in Gram-negative bacteria that is structurally similar to translational GTPases such as IF2, EF-Tu, and EF-G. Our previous research showed that deleting <jats:italic>bipA<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> at 20\u00b0C leads to a defect in 50S ribosomal assembly and impaired lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis. This LPS defect activates the Regulator of Capsule Synthesis (Rcs) pathway, resulting in an overproduction of capsular polysaccharides, a reduction in biofilm formation, and decreased flagella-mediated motility. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of BipA in the pathogenicity of <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Typhimurium. We constructed <jats:italic>bipA<\/jats:italic> deletion mutants in two pathogenic <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium strains, SL1344 and 14028, as well as in the attenuated strain LT2. Our ribosome profiling experiments using the mutant <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium strains revealed a defect in ribosome assembly at 20\u00b0C, with the accumulation of abnormal 50S ribosomal subunits. We further demonstrated that the absence of BipA in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium impaired LPS biosynthesis at 20\u00b0C, compromising membrane integrity and presumably activating the Rcs pathway. This activation altered virulence factors, including reduced biofilm formation, particularly in the 14028\u0394<jats:italic>bipA<\/jats:italic> strain. Furthermore, the SL1344\u0394<jats:italic>bipA<\/jats:italic> and 14028\u0394<jats:italic>bipA<\/jats:italic> strains exhibited significantly decreased swimming motility at 20\u00b0C compared to 37\u00b0C, confirmed by microscopic observation showing fewer flagella at 20\u00b0C. Subsequently, both strains exhibited a significant reduction in invasion capability and cytotoxicity toward human intestinal epithelial cells (HCT116). This functional attenuation was corroborated by the decrease in virulence observed in the 14028\u0394<jats:italic>bipA<\/jats:italic> strain in a mouse model. Our findings suggest that, in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium, BipA functions as a bacterial fitness factor, contributing to ribosome assembly, LPS synthesis, and virulence-related processes, particularly under stress conditions relevant to host environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T17:40:16Z","timestamp":1744220416000},"page":"e1013047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The dual functions of the GTPase BipA in ribosome assembly and surface structure biogenesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Eunsil","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunwoo","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghwee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Won","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kahyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8404-5702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Minho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5297-661X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jihwan","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6305","key":"ppat.1013047.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/349117a0","article-title":"The 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