{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:43:09Z","timestamp":1792024989202,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013183","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000}}],"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009060","name":"Sidaction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-AEQ-13605-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-AEQ-13605-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"ANRS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-24-CE15-3620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-24-CE15-3620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    HIV-1 and\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mtb) coinfections are a major public health problem but are not well characterized. HIV-1 Tat is secreted by infected cells, generating nanomolar concentrations of Tat in the sera of people living with HIV. Circulating Tat enters cells, binds to PI(4,5)P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    then undergoes palmitoylation, thereby becoming resident on this phosphoinositide. Here, we found that Tat favors the multiplication of Mtb in macrophages. Moreover, Tat renders zebrafish larvae more sensitive to mycobacterial infection. We found that Tat binding to PI(4,5)P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and palmitoylation enable Tat to inhibit the recruitment of the AP-2 adaptor, thereby inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis and in turn autophagy. This inhibition prevents the degradation of intracellular pathogens such as Mtb and opsonized\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii,<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    but also of lipid droplets, thereby facilitating the access of these pathogens to lipids. We thus identified a mechanism enabling HIV Tat to favor the multiplication of intracellular pathogens such as Mtb.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T17:49:41Z","timestamp":1757612981000},"page":"e1013183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HIV-1 Tat favors the multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis and autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Rivault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Bernut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Ben-Neji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvaine","family":"Huc-Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Besteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Bordat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Nguyen-Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Audemard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaux","family":"Mesleard-Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Perrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Neyrolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geanncarlo","family":"Lugo-Villarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"V\u00e9rollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucile","family":"Espert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-9134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Beaumelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1013183.ref001","volume-title":"Global 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Kaushal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013183.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.03.015","article-title":"Chronic immune activation in TB\/HIV Co-infection","volume":"28","author":"R Sharan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013183.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.128","article-title":"Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection","volume":"16","author":"LCK Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013183.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6537","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000399","article-title":"Polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to tuberculosis antigens in HIV-1-infected patients before and after anti-retroviral treatment","volume":"184","author":"JS Sutherland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J 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