{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:40:38Z","timestamp":1781286038485,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANR","award":["ANR-20-CE35-0001-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE35-0001-01"]}]},{"name":"ANR","award":["ANR-20-CE15-0008-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE15-0008-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007241","name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEPISTALIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEPISTALIS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022077","name":"INRAE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022077","name":"INRAE","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ANR","award":["France 2030 program \u201cANR-11-IDEX-0003\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["France 2030 program \u201cANR-11-IDEX-0003\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    During infection in epithelial cells, after invading the cytosol, multiplying, and spreading,\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) ceases to produce ActA and becomes trapped in\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    -containing vacuoles (LisCVs). These persistence acidic vacuoles harbor bacterial subpopulations that resist to stress in a metabolically dormant state. Although LisCVs have been proposed as a hallmark of\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    persistence in epithelial cells, their prevalence across strains and the bacterial factors underlying their formation remain uncharacterized. Given the significant genetic diversity within the species, it is important to consider this variability when studying persistence phenotype. Therefore, we screened over one hundred\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates spanning two major evolutionary lineages and belonging to 23 clonal complexes from diverse ecological origins. Strikingly, the vast majority of strains, including both clinical and environmental isolates, were capable of forming LisCVs, suggesting that vacuolar persistence is a widespread and conserved feature of\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis. Nevertheless, among the group of hypo-virulent strains mostly associated with food and carrying a truncated InlA, we identified four isolates with an altered persistence phenotype. Two of them showed defects in the early stages of infection and carried mutations in key virulence genes (\n                    <jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>gshF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The other two, instead, were specifically affected in the persistence stage by showing a reduced ability to form LisCVs. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that a mutation in the\n                    <jats:italic>folP<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, required for folate biosynthesis, was responsible for impaired persistence. Live-imaging and microscopy analysis highlighted a reduced bacterial motility and intercellular spreading of the\n                    <jats:italic>folP<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant, although the level of ActA at the bacterial surface was increased. Together, our work identifies folate biosynthesis as a critical metabolic pathway governing\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    persistence by regulating ActA levels and activity. Downregulation of ActA at the bacterial surface is therefore a crucial event for the establishment of the intracellular persistent niche during long-term infection of epithelial cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:26:52Z","timestamp":1776274012000},"page":"e1013323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Large-scale phenotyping and comparative genomics reveal genetic features of Listeria persistence in epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Lotoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Emmanuel","family":"Douarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounia","family":"Kortebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Riveiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Lakisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Guillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Oevermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Bierne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-5442","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pagliuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8812-3023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eliane","family":"Milohanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013323.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101","article-title":"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States--major pathogens","volume":"17","author":"E Scallan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref002","unstructured":"Listeriosis - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2022. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/listeriosis-annual-epidemiological-report-2022"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref003","unstructured":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France. Infections invasives bact\u00e9riennes en 2022. Bilan des donn\u00e9es de surveillance du r\u00e9seau Epibac. 2024. https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/content\/download\/610779\/4219986?version=3"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.09.003","article-title":"Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes shedding in domestic ruminants and characterization of potentially pathogenic strains","volume":"210","author":"A Hurtado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013323.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27069-y","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes faecal carriage is common and depends on the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"L Hafner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013323.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1128\/br.30.2.309-382.1966","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes and listeric infections","volume":"30","author":"ML Gray","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849915","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.849915","article-title":"The Viable But Non-Culturable State of Listeria monocytogenes in the One-Health Continuum","volume":"12","author":"A Lotoux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"7176","key":"ppat.1013323.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06479","article-title":"Listeriolysin O allows Listeria monocytogenes replication in macrophage vacuoles","volume":"451","author":"CL Birmingham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013323.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.24406","article-title":"Host and bacterial factors that regulate LC3 recruitment to Listeria monocytogenes during the early stages of macrophage infection","volume":"9","author":"GY Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013323.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009001","article-title":"Fluorescent secreted bacterial effectors reveal active intravacuolar proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes in epithelial cells","volume":"16","author":"C Peron-Cane","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006734","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes switches from dissemination to persistence by adopting a vacuolar lifestyle in epithelial cells","volume":"13","author":"M Kortebi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013323.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.01.015","article-title":"Adaptations of intracellular bacteria to vacuolar or cytosolic niches","volume":"30","author":"TJP Petit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013323.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02700-24","article-title":"Intravacuolar persistence in neutrophils facilitates Listeria monocytogenes spread to co-cultured cells","volume":"16","author":"S Bagatella","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00136","article-title":"To Be Cytosolic or Vacuolar: The Double Life of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"8","author":"H Bierne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761945","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.761945","article-title":"An Immunomodulatory Transcriptional Signature Associated With Persistent Listeria Infection in Hepatocytes","volume":"11","author":"N Descoeudres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013323.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2707-2716.1997","article-title":"Ribotypes and virulence gene polymorphisms suggest three distinct Listeria monocytogenes lineages with differences in pathogenic potential","volume":"65","author":"M Wiedmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013323.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.10.3818","article-title":"Genetic characterization of clones of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes causing epidemic disease","volume":"86","author":"JC Piffaretti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1013323.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7629","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01127-08","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping assays for single nucleotide polymorphism-based subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates","volume":"74","author":"TJ Ward","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013323.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.05.002","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes lineages: Genomics, evolution, ecology, and phenotypic characteristics","volume":"301","author":"RH Orsi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013323.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000146","article-title":"A new perspective on Listeria monocytogenes evolution","volume":"4","author":"M Ragon","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013323.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3501","article-title":"Uncovering Listeria monocytogenes hypervirulence by harnessing its biodiversity","volume":"48","author":"MM Maury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013323.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.4.1133-1139.2001","article-title":"A novel serotype-specific gene cassette (gltA-gltB) is required for expression of teichoic acid-associated surface antigens in Listeria monocytogenes of serotype 4b","volume":"183","author":"XH Lei","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013323.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000144","article-title":"Listeriolysin S, a novel peptide haemolysin associated with a subset of lineage I Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"4","author":"PD Cotter","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013323.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00758-18","article-title":"Atypical Hemolytic Listeria innocua Isolates Are Virulent, albeit Less than Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"87","author":"A Moura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013323.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.01.008","article-title":"Making Sense of the Biodiversity and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"29","author":"O Disson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013323.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01859-8","article-title":"Differential stress responsiveness determines intraspecies virulence heterogeneity and host adaptation in Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"9","author":"L Hafner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013323.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1217-1224.2003","article-title":"Expression of truncated Internalin A is involved in impaired internalization of some Listeria monocytogenes isolates carried asymptomatically by humans","volume":"71","author":"M Olier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013323.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8764","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8764-8772.2005","article-title":"Select Listeria monocytogenes subtypes commonly found in foods carry distinct nonsense mutations in inlA, leading to expression of truncated and secreted internalin A, and are associated with a reduced invasion phenotype for human intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"71","author":"KK Nightingale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1013323.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00997-08","article-title":"inlA premature stop codons are common among Listeria monocytogenes isolates from foods and yield virulence-attenuated strains that confer protection against fully virulent strains","volume":"74","author":"KK Nightingale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013323.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6039","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.10.6039-6048.2005","article-title":"Investigation of specific substitutions in virulence genes characterizing phenotypic groups of low-virulence field strains of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"71","author":"SM Roche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2006\/002238-0","article-title":"A naturally occurring mutation K220T in the pleiotropic activator PrfA of Listeria monocytogenes results in a loss of virulence due to decreasing DNA-binding affinity","volume":"153","author":"P Velge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-304","article-title":"Polyphasic characterization and genetic relatedness of low-virulence and virulent Listeria monocytogenes isolates","volume":"12","author":"SM Roche","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.03.002","article-title":"A naturally occurring prfA truncation in a Listeria monocytogenes field strain contributes to reduced replication and cell-to-cell spread","volume":"179","author":"S Rupp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00541-17","article-title":"Spontaneous Loss of Virulence in Natural Populations of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"85","author":"MM Maury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010009","article-title":"Entry of Listeria monocytogenes in mammalian epithelial cells: an updated view","volume":"2","author":"J Pizarro-Cerd\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013323.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10380-0","article-title":"Hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clones\u2019 adaption to mammalian gut accounts for their association with dairy products","volume":"10","author":"MM Maury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5543","key":"ppat.1013323.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063447","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Listeria species","volume":"294","author":"P Glaser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013323.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00969-14","article-title":"Comparison of widely used Listeria monocytogenes strains EGD, 10403S, and EGD-e highlights genomic variations underlying differences in pathogenicity","volume":"5","author":"C B\u00e9cavin","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1013323.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11890","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11890","article-title":"Expression and phosphorylation of the Listeria monocytogenes ActA protein in mammalian cells","volume":"90","author":"RA Brundage","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013323.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3420","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3420-3422.1998","article-title":"The inlA gene of Listeria monocytogenes LO28 harbors a nonsense mutation resulting in release of internalin","volume":"66","author":"R Jonqui\u00e8res","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013323.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15089","article-title":"Genomic insights into persistence of Listeria species in the food processing environment","volume":"131","author":"L Palaiodimou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1086\/420853","article-title":"A molecular marker for evaluating the pathogenic potential of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"189","author":"C Jacquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16185","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.185","article-title":"Whole genome-based population biology and epidemiological surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"2","author":"A Moura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.11.2822-2829.1987","article-title":"In vitro model of penetration and intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the human enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2","volume":"55","author":"JL Gaillard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.04.006","article-title":"Listeriolysin O: the Swiss army knife of Listeria","volume":"20","author":"MA Hamon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4690","article-title":"Crystal structure of listeriolysin O reveals molecular details of oligomerization and pore formation","volume":"5","author":"S K\u00f6ster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013323.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2171","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes - from saprophyte to intracellular pathogen","volume":"7","author":"NE Freitag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013323.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02090-4","article-title":"Producing polished prokaryotic pangenomes with the Panaroo pipeline","volume":"21","author":"G Tonkin-Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1013323.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9265","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.000365","article-title":"Lmo1656 is a secreted virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes that interacts with the sorting nexin 6-BAR complex","volume":"293","author":"DJ David","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7533","key":"ppat.1013323.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14029","article-title":"Glutathione activates virulence gene expression of an intracellular pathogen","volume":"517","author":"ML Reniere","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013323.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005741","article-title":"An In Vivo Selection Identifies Listeria monocytogenes Genes Required to Sense the Intracellular Environment and Activate Virulence Factor Expression","volume":"12","author":"ML Reniere","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013323.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.11.005","article-title":"Molecular and experimental virulence of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from cases with invasive listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis","volume":"43","author":"G Franciosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013323.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2005.00041.x","article-title":"Allelic exchange and site-directed mutagenesis probe the contribution of ActA amino-acid variability to phosphorylation and virulence-associated phenotypes among Listeria monocytogenes strains","volume":"254","author":"AJ Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013323.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.019","article-title":"Polymorphism of actA gene is not related to in vitro virulence of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"137","author":"M Conter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref055","article-title":"tseemann\/snippy","author":"T Seemann","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013323.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04726.x","article-title":"A five-gene stress survival islet (SSI-1) that contributes to the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in suboptimal conditions","volume":"109","author":"S Ryan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013323.ref057","first-page":"369","article-title":"Transport and Catabolism of Pentitols by Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"26","author":"T Kentache","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013323.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.276747.122","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes genes supporting growth under standard laboratory cultivation conditions and during macrophage infection","volume":"32","author":"MA Fischer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013323.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1220","article-title":"Lifeact: a versatile marker to visualize F-actin","volume":"5","author":"J Riedl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7122","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.7122-7129.2005","article-title":"Engineering of Bacillus subtilis for enhanced total synthesis of folic acid","volume":"71","author":"T Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2022.102081","article-title":"Intracellular niche switching as host subversion strategy of bacterial pathogens","volume":"76","author":"MG Gutierrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013323.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01074-23","article-title":"The major role of Listeria monocytogenes folic acid metabolism during infection is the generation of N-formylmethionine","volume":"14","author":"Y Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013323.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009819","article-title":"Detoxification of methylglyoxal by the glyoxalase system is required for glutathione availability and virulence activation in Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"17","author":"A Anaya-Sanchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00207-22","article-title":"para-Aminobenzoic Acid Biosynthesis Is Required for Listeria monocytogenes Growth and Pathogenesis","volume":"90","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1013323.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6068","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.16.6068","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes moves rapidly through the host-cell cytoplasm by inducing directional actin assembly","volume":"87","author":"GA Dabiri","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.105.3.699","article-title":"Polarized distribution of Listeria monocytogenes surface protein ActA at the site of directional actin assembly","author":"C Kocks","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6887","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6887-6891.2004","article-title":"New vector for efficient allelic replacement in naturally nontransformable, low-GC-content, gram-positive bacteria","volume":"70","author":"M Arnaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013323.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02612-09","article-title":"Single-cell techniques using chromosomally tagged fluorescent bacteria to study Listeria monocytogenes infection processes","volume":"76","author":"D Balestrino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013323.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref070","unstructured":"R Core team. R: The R Project for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/"},{"key":"ppat.1013323.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6188-x","article-title":"Genetic and metabolic signatures of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica associated with animal sources at the pangenomic scale","volume":"20","author":"NM Vila","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013323.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6544-x","article-title":"Dynamics of mobile genetic elements of Listeria monocytogenes persisting in ready-to-eat seafood processing plants in France","volume":"21","author":"F Palma","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013323.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr039","article-title":"Easyfig: a genome comparison visualizer","volume":"27","author":"MJ Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:27:04Z","timestamp":1776274024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013323"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Prince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}}}