{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:58:58Z","timestamp":1776934738659,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013419","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000}}],"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI132674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI132674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI156536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI156536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI179997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI179997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI184781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI184781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008013","name":"University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTT Startup grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTT Startup grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007865","name":"University of Texas Medical Branch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IHII Pilot grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IHII Pilot grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Scrub typhus, caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Ot<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) bacteria, is a serious acute febrile illness associated with significant mortality. No effective vaccine is currently available, largely due to the complex\n                    <jats:italic>Ot<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain diversity and an incomplete understanding of protective immune mechanisms. To overcome these challenges, there is a critical need for a suitable animal model that mimics human disease through the natural route of infection. Here, we report for the first time that a genetically engineered humanized mouse strain (with triple knockout\/knock-in of IFN-\u03b3 and its receptors, abbreviated as hIFNG\/hIFNGR), exhibits increased susceptibility to intradermal\n                    <jats:italic>Ot<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection compared to wild-type (WT) mice. This is evidenced by greater body weight loss, elevated bacterial burden, and reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). hIFNG\/hIFNGR mice exhibit pronounced biochemical abnormalities and tissue pathology accompanied by dysregulated T cell and neutrophil responses following infection. Notably, this novel mouse strain with human IFN-\u03b3 signaling can develop skin eschar-like lesions resembling those observed in human patients. Overall, our study introduces a promising mouse model to dissect the immunopathogenesis of scrub typhus and evaluate future vaccine candidates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:42:57Z","timestamp":1770835377000},"page":"e1013419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A humanized IFN-\u03b3 mouse model reveals skin eschar formation, enhanced susceptibility and scrub typhus pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ryan H.","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Villacreses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmett A.","family":"Dews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruili","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hema P.","family":"Narra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Soong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9557-1847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuejin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1013419.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107151","article-title":"Global and regional seroprevalence, incidence, mortality of, and risk factors for scrub typhus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"146","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013419.ref002","article-title":"Transovarial transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi in 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