{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:12:11Z","timestamp":1774933931632,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013458","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2023YFD1800601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1800601"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2023YFD1800605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1800605"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010038","name":"Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis","award":["R1808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R1808"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a widespread poultry pathogen, spreads efficiently via the respiratory tract. However, the precise mechanism governing its spreading infection remains unclear. This study reveals that NDV-induced tight junction (TJ) injury is crucial for viral replication and spread. NDV infection significantly reduced TJ proteins OCLN and ZO-1 through multiple degradation pathways involving viral proteins, disrupting TJ integrity and promoting cell migration. Knockdown of OCLN and ZO-1 further enhanced viral replication and spread, underscoring their importance. Concurrently, NDV altered the distribution of OCLN and ZO-1, accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangements of vimentin and F-actin. Notably, NDV triggered vimentin and F-actin rearrangement to form cage-like structures, benefiting TJ injury and viral replication. Critically, vimentin rearrangement was essential for the redistribution of OCLN, ZO-1, and F-actin, facilitating viral replication, spread, and inflammation. MLC\/p-MLC activation was required for vimentin-mediated TJ injury, thereby promoting NDV replication and spread. Unlike avirulent strains, the virulent NDV promoted replication and spread through vimentin-mediated TJ injury, subsequently worsening lung damage in chickens. These findings elucidate how NDV rapidly disseminates and worsens lung damage, providing insights relevant to the pathogenesis and treatment of viral pneumonias, including those caused by coronaviruses and influenza viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T17:54:56Z","timestamp":1756490096000},"page":"e1013458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Newcastle disease virus promotes spreading infection through vimentin-dependent tight junction injury mediated by MLC\/p-MLC activation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaituo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianxing","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunlin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9924-6646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiufan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013458.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801882R","article-title":"Striatin is a novel modulator of cell adhesion","volume":"33","author":"L Lahav-Ariel","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2017.17.1.13","article-title":"The Specific Roles of Vitamins in the Regulation of Immunosurveillance and Maintenance of Immunologic Homeostasis in the Gut","volume":"17","author":"K Hosomi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013458.ref003","first-page":"872","article-title":"Changes in the intestinal microecology induced by bacillus subtilis inhibit the occurrence of ulcerative colitis and associated cancers: a study on the mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"C Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013458.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2016.54","article-title":"Human Intestinal Barrier Function in Health and Disease","volume":"7","author":"J K\u00f6nig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.08.018","article-title":"Crosstalk of tight junction components with signaling pathways","volume":"1778","author":"L Gonz\u00e1lez-Mariscal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013458.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.005","article-title":"ZOning out tight junctions","volume":"126","author":"K Shin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(02)00037-8","article-title":"Tight junction proteins","volume":"81","author":"L Gonz\u00e1lez-Mariscal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31587-8","article-title":"Tight junction channel regulation by interclaudin interference","volume":"13","author":"N Shashikanth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013458.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0630649100","article-title":"Dynamic behavior of paired claudin strands within apposing plasma membranes","volume":"100","author":"H Sasaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013458.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2020.183296","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and tight junction proteins: The ties that bind","volume":"1862","author":"L Mailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013458.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943274","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2021.1943274","article-title":"Virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial tight junctions and its role in viral transmission and spread","volume":"9","author":"S Tugizov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11456-y","article-title":"Tight junction protein claudin-2 promotes cell entry of Bombyx mori cypovirus","volume":"105","author":"M Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ppat.1013458.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12380","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01396-13","article-title":"Densovirus crosses the insect midgut by transcytosis and disturbs the epithelial barrier function","volume":"87","author":"Y Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013458.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088803","article-title":"HIV-associated disruption of tight and adherens junctions of oral epithelial cells facilitates HSV-1 infection and spread","volume":"9","author":"I Sufiawati","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"28","key":"ppat.1013458.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3472","article-title":"Targeting host factors: a novel rationale for the management of hepatitis C virus","volume":"15","author":"MA Khattab","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013458.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5145","DOI":"10.3390\/v7092865","article-title":"Tight Junctions Go Viral!","volume":"7","author":"JM Torres-Flores","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407698-3.00001-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of reovirus bloodstream dissemination","volume":"87","author":"KW Boehme","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref018","article-title":"Cytoskeletal Vimentin Directs Cell-Cell Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus","volume":"12","author":"Y Xing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4969","article-title":"Current approaches to dementia screening and case finding in low- and middle-income countries: Research update and recommendations","volume":"34","author":"E Magklara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(03)00164-0","article-title":"Structure and function of a paramyxovirus fusion protein","volume":"1614","author":"TG Morrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013458.ref021","first-page":"443","article-title":"Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxovirus","volume":"19","author":"DJ Alexander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299182","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2023.2299182","article-title":"The multifaceted interactions between Newcastle disease virus proteins and host proteins: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"X Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.02.016","article-title":"Newcastle disease virus: current status and our understanding","volume":"184","author":"K Ganar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.49","article-title":"IL-22 from conventional NK cells is epithelial regenerative and inflammation protective during influenza infection","volume":"6","author":"P Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1013458.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13275","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.21.13275-13284.2005","article-title":"Recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing a foreign viral antigen is attenuated and highly immunogenic in primates","volume":"79","author":"A Bukreyev","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013458.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112338","article-title":"Biological Significance of Dual Mutations A494D and E495K of the Genotype III Newcastle Disease Virus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"14","author":"X Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-023-01230-5","article-title":"Cellular vimentin regulates the infectivity of Newcastle disease virus through targeting of the HN protein","volume":"54","author":"X Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref028","article-title":"Vimentin Intermediate Filaments Template Microtubule Networks to Enhance Persistence in Cell Polarity and Directed Migration","volume":"3","author":"Z Gan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2022.02.003","article-title":"Vimentin: Regulation and pathogenesis","volume":"197","author":"D Paulin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192956","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1192956","article-title":"Hazara orthonairovirus nucleoprotein facilitates viral cell-to-cell spread by modulating tight junction protein, claudin-1","volume":"14","author":"K Ohta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.01.031","article-title":"Claudin-1 inhibits human parainfluenza virus type 2 dissemination","volume":"531","author":"N Yumine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013458.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010765","article-title":"Streptococcal autolysin promotes dysfunction of swine tracheal epithelium by interacting with vimentin","volume":"18","author":"Y Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7010","article-title":"STIM1 silencing inhibits the migration and invasion of A549 cells","volume":"16","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15751-6","article-title":"Increased pathogenicity of pneumococcal serotype 1 is driven by rapid autolysis and release of pneumolysin","volume":"11","author":"LC Jacques","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013458.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2012.12069143","article-title":"Expression of tight and adherens junction proteins in cervical neoplasia","volume":"69","author":"C Cunniffe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"ppat.1013458.ref036","article-title":"Porcine Deltacoronavirus nsp5 Cleaves DCP1A To Decrease Its Antiviral Activity","volume":"94","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013458.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.06.011","article-title":"Preventing occludin tight-junction disruption via inhibition of microRNA-193b-5p attenuates viral load and influenza-induced lung injury","volume":"31","author":"CM Vaswani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2023.109890","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA LOC103222771 promotes infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Marc-145 cells by downregulating Claudin-4","volume":"286","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"ppat.1013458.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218623120","article-title":"Tight junction protein occludin is an internalization factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and mediates virus cell-to-cell transmission","volume":"120","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2003","article-title":"Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions: molecular organization and role in vascular homeostasis","volume":"84","author":"G Bazzoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44286","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44286","article-title":"Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Are Highly Permissive To Productive Infection by Zika Virus","volume":"7","author":"I Pagani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109133","article-title":"Vimentin rearrangement by phosphorylation is beneficial for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in vitro","volume":"259","author":"X-X Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5388-8","article-title":"The garlic compound ajoene covalently binds vimentin, disrupts the vimentin network and exerts anti-metastatic activity in cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"CH Kaschula","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013458.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.2.391","article-title":"A single gene product, claudin-1 or -2, reconstitutes tight junction strands and recruits occludin in fibroblasts","volume":"143","author":"M Furuse","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1013458.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7834","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7834","article-title":"The tight junction protein ZO-1 is homologous to the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein of septate junctions","volume":"90","author":"E Willott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2023.109954","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 and Glaesserella parasuis serotype 4 co-infection activates Snail1 to disrupt the intercellular junctions and facilitate bacteria translocation across the tracheal epithelium","volume":"288","author":"M Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-020-09783-y","article-title":"Co-inections of domestic and wild birds with avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses: implications for control and genetic mutations","volume":"44","author":"WI Musa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013458.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-020-00199-1","article-title":"Chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus-like Particles Containing DC-Binding Peptide-Fused Haemagglutinin Protect Chickens from Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Challenge","volume":"35","author":"X Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013458.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20485","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor and claudin-2 participate in A549 permeability and remodeling: implications for non-small cell lung cancer tumor colonization","volume":"48","author":"Y Peter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013458.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2330043","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae extracellular vesicles aggravate alveolar epithelial barrier disruption via autophagic degradation of OCLN (occludin)","volume":"20","author":"L Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012531","article-title":"SLC35A2 gene product modulates paramyxovirus fusion events during infection","volume":"21","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013458.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2112821","article-title":"SLC1A3 facilitates Newcastle disease virus replication by regulating glutamine catabolism","volume":"13","author":"P Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013458.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12896","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle transfer of cancer pathogenic components","volume":"107","author":"Y Fujita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC03363B","article-title":"A dual-functional lanthanide nanoprobe for both living cell imaging and ICP-MS quantification of active protease","volume":"7","author":"D Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013458.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2128-6","article-title":"eIF2\u03b1-CHOP-BCl-2\/JNK and IRE1\u03b1-XBP1\/JNK signaling promote apoptosis and inflammation and support the proliferation of Newcastle disease virus","volume":"10","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570681","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.570681","article-title":"Immune Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Viral Infection","volume":"11","author":"R Gopal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013458.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011981","article-title":"The HN protein of Newcastle disease virus induces cell apoptosis through the induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization","volume":"20","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109181","article-title":"Lentogenic NDV V protein inhibits IFN responses and represses cell apoptosis","volume":"261","author":"FL Nan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19416-0","article-title":"Contribution of the length of the HN protein and the sequence of the F protein cleavage site to Newcastle disease virus pathogenicity","volume":"84","author":"A R\u00f6mer-Oberd\u00f6rfer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013458.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2015.48.2.035","article-title":"Tight junction protein 1 is regulated by transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and contributes to cell motility in NSCLC cells","volume":"48","author":"SH Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1013458.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01519","article-title":"Peripheral Nerve Injury Induces Dynamic Changes of Tight Junction Components","volume":"9","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013458.ref062","first-page":"6024","article-title":"Protective effect of nimesulide on acute lung injury in mice with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"11","author":"Z Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-022-05366-1","article-title":"Virus interactions with the actin cytoskeleton-what we know and do not know about SARS-CoV-2","volume":"167","author":"M Kloc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013458.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.157","article-title":"The LPI\/GPR55 axis enhances human breast cancer cell migration via HBXIP and p-MLC signaling","volume":"39","author":"X-L Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013458","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T18:04:27Z","timestamp":1757009067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013458"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Amorim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013458","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013458","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]}}}