{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:08:21Z","timestamp":1791986901382,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013460","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000}}],"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI093615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI093615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24-AI113002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24-AI113002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19-AI089674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19-AI089674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells are important mediators of the immune response to childhood malaria. Human V\u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b42\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells possess intrinsic, HLA-independent responsiveness to\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    phosphoantigens produced in the blood stage of malaria. Engagement of the \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptor (TCR) by phosphoantigen-bound butyrophilin molecules results in V\u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b42\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell expansion, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and release of cytotoxic granules that mediate parasite killing. Repeated\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, however, leads to a reduction in circulating V\u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b42\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and upregulation of immunomodulatory molecules, including NK receptors, that correlates with less severe symptoms upon infection. We explore phenotypic and functional differences of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in Ugandan children with high versus low malaria exposure, utilizing high-parameter spectral flow cytometry analysis of PBMCs. We observed significant differences in expression of inhibitory NK receptors \u2013 KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2\/3, KIR3DL1, LILRB1, and NKG2A \u2013 on \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets, with V\u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b42\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells exhibiting a divergent mechanism of control compared to other subsets. We found that NKG2A and KIR3DL1 expression associated with potent V\u03b39\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b42\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses to TCR- and Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated stimulation while KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2\/3 and LILRB1 associated with reduced degranulation and cytokine production. These results identify a new role for inhibitory NK receptors expressed on \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, exerting a finely tuned balance of activating and inhibitory signals to regulate the response to malaria-related antigens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T18:36:29Z","timestamp":1770143789000},"page":"e1013460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Inhibitory NK receptor expression associates with altered antimalarial function of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Meagan E.","family":"Olive","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perri 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