{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:12:20Z","timestamp":1792026740689,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFD1800800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32122086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32122086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32102749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M721277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M721277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024T170313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024T170313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021CFA016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFA016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2662023PY005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662023PY005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Earmarked Fund","award":["CARS-35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-35"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) is recognized as a critical pathological process in meningitic <jats:italic><jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>) infection, leading to severe neurodegenerative disorders and long-term sequelae. Astrocyte reactivity plays a pivotal role in driving the neuroinflammatory cascade in response to pathological stimuli from peripheral sources or other cellular components of the CNS. The involvement of astrocyte reactivity in the inflammatory process induced by bacterial infection within the CNS warrants further investigation. In this study, we observed an astrocyte reaction likely mediated by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) during meningitic <jats:italic><jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> infection in both a mouse model and a BMEC-astrocyte coculture system. Through label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of the BMEC secretome, we identified CK2 as a potential trigger for astrocyte reactivity. Inhibition of CK2 attenuated the reaction of hippocampal astrocytes in <jats:italic><jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> meningitis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CK2 enhances NF-\u03baB activation <jats:italic><jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> its interaction with myosin 9, thereby increasing astrocyte reactivity and the inflammatory response both <jats:italic><jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>. By conditionally knocking out CK2\u03b2 in microvessel, we blocked CK2 secretion, resulting in reduced astrocyte reactivity and neuroinflammation during the early stages of infection. Compared to wild-type mice, <jats:italic>CK2\u03b2Vas<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mice exhibited a significantly higher survival rate. Collectively, our findings highlight the essential role of endothelial-glial communication mediated by CK2 interaction with myosin 9 in activating the downstream NF-\u03baB pathway, contributing to astrocyte reactivity and neuroinflammation. These results provide novel insights into the treatment of CNS inflammation caused by bacterial blood-borne infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T17:31:53Z","timestamp":1757525513000},"page":"e1013464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CK2 derived from brain microvascular endothelial cells induces astrocyte inflammatory response in Escherichia coli-induced meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruicheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0191-1378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiangru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013464.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70048-7","article-title":"Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"K Edmond","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013464.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032852","article-title":"Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Damage in Bacterial Meningitis: The Underlying Link, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets","volume":"24","author":"R Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70306-8","article-title":"Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children","volume":"10","author":"KS Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013464.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115965","article-title":"The K1 capsule is the critical determinant in the development of Escherichia coli meningitis in the rat","volume":"90","author":"KS Kim","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref005","article-title":"Human Meningitis-Associated Escherichia coli","volume":"7","author":"KS Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"EcoSal Plus"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013464.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.01.013","article-title":"Astrocyte-immune cell interactions in physiology and pathology","volume":"54","author":"RT Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02856-0","article-title":"Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes","volume":"20","author":"R Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013464.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23687","article-title":"Questions and (some) answers on reactive astrocytes","volume":"67","author":"C Escartin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00925","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory Processes, A1 Astrocyte Activation and Protein Aggregation in the Retina of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients, Possible Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis","volume":"13","author":"A Grimaldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013464.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0051-5","article-title":"Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"SP Yun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7638","key":"ppat.1013464.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","article-title":"Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35498-6","article-title":"Endothelial cells regulate astrocyte to neural progenitor cell trans-differentiation in a mouse model of stroke","volume":"13","author":"W Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013464.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321129","article-title":"Neuroinflammation Plays a Critical Role in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease","volume":"131","author":"CC Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03237-8","article-title":"Activated endothelial cells induce a distinct type of astrocytic reactivity","volume":"5","author":"X Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013464.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0473rev","article-title":"One-thousand-and-one substrates of protein kinase CK2?","volume":"17","author":"F Meggio","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013464.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-008-0352-0","article-title":"Protein kinase CK2, an important regulator of the inflammatory response?","volume":"86","author":"NN Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.301","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of CK2 in acute and chronic leukemias","volume":"32","author":"F Buontempo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1013464.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.16.3854","article-title":"Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors","volume":"26","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013464.ref019","first-page":"307","article-title":"Ecto-protein kinase CK2, the neglected form of CK2","volume":"8","author":"M Montenarh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1890-9","article-title":"Genome analysis and in vivo virulence of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain PCN033","volume":"16","author":"C Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013464.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1713641","article-title":"Endothelial autophagy deficiency induces IL6 - dependent endothelial mesenchymal transition and organ fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Y Takagaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013464.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00668","article-title":"Interleukin-22 Contributes to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via STAT3\/VEGFA Activation in Escherichia coli Meningitis","volume":"10","author":"R Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013464.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7195","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04044-4","article-title":"Exosomes Derived from Meningitic Escherichia coli-Infected Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Facilitate Astrocyte Activation","volume":"61","author":"R Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50466-y","article-title":"Adenosine triggers early astrocyte reactivity that provokes microglial responses and drives the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice","volume":"15","author":"Q Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.09.016","article-title":"Phenotype, differentiation, and function differ in rat and mouse neocortical astrocytes cultured under the same conditions","volume":"212","author":"B Ahlemeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013464.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226302","article-title":"Isolation of endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes from mouse brain","volume":"14","author":"F Bernard-Patrzynski","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010077","article-title":"Astrocyte-Derived TGF\u03b21 Facilitates Blood-Brain Barrier Function via Non-Canonical Hedgehog Signaling in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells","volume":"11","author":"J Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"136","key":"ppat.1013464.ref028","first-page":"57648","article-title":"Quantifying Microglia Morphology from Photomicrographs of Immunohistochemistry Prepared Tissue Using ImageJ","author":"K Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0849","article-title":"Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 interacts with protein kinase CK2","volume":"260","author":"F Pancetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01526-9","article-title":"Roles of neuropathology-associated reactive astrocytes: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"JM Lawrence","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0504-2","article-title":"Microglia: Housekeeper of the Central Nervous System","volume":"38","author":"JA Kabba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"7707","key":"ppat.1013464.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0119-x","article-title":"Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites","volume":"557","author":"V Rothhammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"18","key":"ppat.1013464.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6221-11.2012","article-title":"Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis","volume":"32","author":"JL Zamanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013464.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032580","article-title":"Haemophilus parasuis encodes two functional cytolethal distending toxins: CdtC contains an atypical cholesterol recognition\/interaction region","volume":"7","author":"M Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013464.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.10.005","article-title":"Identifying interaction motifs in CK2beta--a ubiquitous kinase regulatory subunit","volume":"31","author":"VM Bolanos-Garcia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013464.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01566-09","article-title":"Disruption of CK2beta in embryonic neural stem cells compromises proliferation and oligodendrogenesis in the mouse telencephalon","volume":"30","author":"E Huillard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01119-07","article-title":"The alpha catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2 is required for mouse embryonic development","volume":"28","author":"DY Lou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1013464.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4718","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501074102","article-title":"Protein kinase casein kinase 2 holoenzyme produced ectopically in human cells can be exported to the external side of the cellular membrane","volume":"102","author":"F Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013464.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1383-5","article-title":"Human astrocytes: structure and functions in the healthy brain","volume":"222","author":"F Vasile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013464.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3681","article-title":"Regulation of astrocyte activation by glycolipids drives chronic CNS inflammation","volume":"20","author":"L Mayo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013464.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01881-16","article-title":"STAT1 Signaling in Astrocytes Is Essential for Control of Infection in the Central Nervous System","volume":"7","author":"S Hidano","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013464.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166992","article-title":"The role of astrocyte in neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury","volume":"1870","author":"L He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(81)90052-5","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein in cryogenic lesions of the rat brain","volume":"21","author":"L Amaducci","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013464.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068408","article-title":"Interactions between blood-borne Streptococcus pneumoniae and the blood-brain barrier preceding meningitis","volume":"8","author":"F Iovino","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2022.102619","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 activation enhances Orai1-mediated calcium signal promoting cytokine production in spinal astrocytes","volume":"105","author":"H Birla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013464.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111532","article-title":"Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activates neurotoxic astrocytes in depression-like mice","volume":"41","author":"S Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147611","article-title":"miR-141-3p inhibits the activation of astrocytes and the release of inflammatory cytokines in bacterial meningitis through down-regulating HMGB1","volume":"1770","author":"X Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02286-w","article-title":"Self-extracellular RNA promotes pro-inflammatory response of astrocytes to exogenous and endogenous danger signals","volume":"18","author":"S Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00267","article-title":"The Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Induces Astrocyte Polarization Through NF\u03baB Pathway","volume":"6","author":"Y Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013464.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2565-2","article-title":"Inhibition of the NLRP3-inflammasome prevents cognitive deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice via the alteration of astrocyte phenotype","volume":"11","author":"B Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013464.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2023.01.016","article-title":"Protein Kinase CK2 Promotes Proliferation, Abnormal Differentiation, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production of Keratinocytes via Regulation of STAT3 and Akt Pathways in Psoriasis","volume":"193","author":"W Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013464.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04558-2","article-title":"Protein kinase CK2 - diverse roles in cancer cell biology and therapeutic promise","volume":"478","author":"JH Trembley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.1.23","article-title":"Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Carcinoma Management","volume":"20","author":"H Lian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-11-40","article-title":"CK2-dependent phosphorylation of occludin regulates the interaction with ZO-proteins and tight junction integrity","volume":"11","author":"MJ D\u00f6rfel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.05.043","article-title":"The complex STATes of astrocyte reactivity: How are they controlled by the JAK-STAT3 pathway?","volume":"330","author":"K Ceyz\u00e9riat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041918","article-title":"Inhibition of astroglial nuclear factor kappaB reduces inflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"202","author":"R Brambilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.01.013","article-title":"Involvement of p38 MAPK in reactive astrogliosis induced by ischemic stroke","volume":"1551","author":"G Roy Choudhury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0158-7","article-title":"Calcineurin and glial signaling: neuroinflammation and beyond","volume":"11","author":"JL Furman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013464.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.209","article-title":"Protein kinase CK2 regulates AKT, NF-\u03baB and STAT3 activation, stem cell viability and proliferation in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"31","author":"L Quotti Tubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ppat.1013464.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.04.048","article-title":"MYH9: Structure, functions and role of non-muscle myosin IIA in human disease","volume":"664","author":"A Pecci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013464.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1540","article-title":"Myosin IIA regulates cell motility and actomyosin-microtubule crosstalk","volume":"9","author":"S Even-Ram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.016733","article-title":"Signaling via the angiotensin-converting enzyme results in the phosphorylation of the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA","volume":"69","author":"K Kohlstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"40","key":"ppat.1013464.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24781","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.40.24781","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-2 binds to the regulatory beta subunit of CK2 and directly stimulates CK2 activity toward nucleolin","volume":"271","author":"H Bonnet","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013464.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1279-8","article-title":"Mucin 17 inhibits the progression of human gastric cancer by limiting inflammatory responses through a MYH9-p53-RhoA regulatory feedback loop","volume":"38","author":"B Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T17:32:06Z","timestamp":1757525526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013464"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ilia V","family":"Baskakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013464","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]}}}