{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:38:42Z","timestamp":1787225922957,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003172","name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["13480105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13480105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interactions between bacterial pathogens, helminths, and commensal microbiota in the gut form a complex ecological network that profoundly impacts host immunity and health. Pathogens employ strategies such as type VI secretion systems (T6SS) and inflammation induction to evade colonization resistance, disrupt microbial balance, and establish self-benefit ecological niches. These interactions involve competition with commensal bacteria and helminths, which play a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis by occupying ecological niches, competing for nutrient, and supporting the mucus barrier. Meanwhile, helminths can modulate commensal bacterial gene expression, metabolic activity, and survival by secreting excretory\u2013secretory products. In addition, by inducing a Th2 immune response, helminths can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, alter the gut microbiota composition, and thereby inhibit bacterial pathogen colonization. Interestingly, helminths and pathogens can exhibit synergistic or competitive relationships. For instance, <jats:italic><jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> may provide a survival niche for <jats:italic><jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic>, while helminths can also indirectly inhibit pathogenic bacteria through immune modulation. These intricate interactions influence gut microbial composition, digestion, and immune function, and are closely associated with diseases. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. Understanding the interactions between pathogens, helminths, and commensal microbiota not only provides novel insights into maintaining host immune homeostasis but also establishes a theoretical foundation for future development of gut health intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T17:26:16Z","timestamp":1757611576000},"page":"e1013494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cross-kingdom dialogs in the gut: Integrating bacterial pathogens, helminths, and microbiota interactions for immune homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6984-2148","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suhui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongxian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013494.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.07.002","article-title":"The intestinal epithelium at the forefront of host\u2013helminth interactions","volume":"36","author":"G Coakley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","article-title":"Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"MG Rooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7314","key":"ppat.1013494.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09415","article-title":"Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella","volume":"467","author":"SE Winter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1720","article-title":"Interleukin-22 mediates early host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens","volume":"14","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00833-7","article-title":"Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance: mechanisms and regulation","volume":"21","author":"G Caballero-Flores","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7331","key":"ppat.1013494.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09646","article-title":"Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate","volume":"469","author":"S Fukuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013494.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2736","article-title":"Effect of helminth-induced immunity on infections with microbial pathogens","volume":"14","author":"P Salgame","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"5984","key":"ppat.1013494.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187703","article-title":"Exploitation of the intestinal microflora by the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris","volume":"328","author":"KS Hayes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.32155","article-title":"Commensal-pathogen interactions in the intestinal tract: lactobacilli promote infection with, and are promoted by, helminth parasites","volume":"5","author":"LA Reynolds","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00367","article-title":"Corrigendum: the intestinal roundworm Ascaris suum releases antimicrobial factors which interfere with bacterial growth and biofilm formation","volume":"8","author":"A Midha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02282","article-title":"Parasitic nematodes exert antimicrobial activity and benefit from microbiota-driven support for host immune regulation","volume":"9","author":"S Rausch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.09.002","article-title":"Trilateral relationship: ascaris, microbiota, and host cells","volume":"37","author":"A Midha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00144","article-title":"Reciprocal interactions between nematodes and their microbial environments","volume":"7","author":"A Midha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2307\/3278979","article-title":"Colonization of Ascaris lumbricoides by V. cholerae","volume":"62","author":"DR Nalin","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3608","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"LW Peterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010111","article-title":"Cytokine-mediated crosstalk between immune cells and epithelial cells in the gut","volume":"10","author":"M Mahapatro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013494.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.125","article-title":"Intestinal stromal cells in mucosal immunity and homeostasis","volume":"6","author":"BMJ Owens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"7395","key":"ppat.1013494.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11047","article-title":"Allergic host defences","volume":"484","author":"NW Palm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.07.002","article-title":"Getting a taste for parasites in the gut","volume":"49","author":"P Loke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00792.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation by filarial nematodes","volume":"27","author":"A Hoerauf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013494.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2199","article-title":"Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection","volume":"7","author":"RM Anthony","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2992","article-title":"Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths","volume":"11","author":"JE Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013494.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00383.2008","article-title":"Characterization of putative stem cells in isolated human colonic crypt epithelial cells and their interactions with myofibroblasts","volume":"296","author":"S Samuel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.031","article-title":"Redundant sources of Wnt regulate intestinal stem cells and promote formation of Paneth cells","volume":"143","author":"HF Farin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29159","article-title":"Myd88-dependent positioning of Ptgs2-expressing stromal cells maintains colonic epithelial proliferation during injury","volume":"117","author":"SL Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.038","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function: molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis","volume":"124","author":"KR Groschwitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.11.004","article-title":"Epithelial cells: liaisons of immunity","volume":"62","author":"SB Larsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"7680","key":"ppat.1013494.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24489","article-title":"A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium","volume":"551","author":"AL Haber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07386-5","article-title":"Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells restricts Clostridium difficile infection in a model of pseudomembranous colitis","volume":"9","author":"PHV Saavedra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013494.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.096651.109","article-title":"The NIH human microbiome project","volume":"19","author":"Group NIH HMP Working","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12567","article-title":"Gut microbiota: role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease","volume":"279","author":"JM Pickard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.072","article-title":"Epithelial IL-18 equilibrium controls barrier function in colitis","volume":"163","author":"R Nowarski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.06.017","article-title":"The interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family\u2014balance between agonists and antagonists in inflammatory diseases","volume":"76","author":"J Palomo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.13","article-title":"Epithelial-derived IL-18 regulates Th17 cell differentiation and Foxp3\u207a Treg cell function in the intestine","volume":"8","author":"OJ Harrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013494.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2295","article-title":"Interleukin-22 and intestinal homeostasis: protective or destructive?","volume":"72","author":"M Shohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.001","article-title":"Microbial flora drives interleukin 22 production in intestinal NKp46+ cells that provide innate mucosal immune defense","volume":"29","author":"N Satoh-Takayama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7128","key":"ppat.1013494.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05505","article-title":"Interleukin-22, a T(H)17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis","volume":"445","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013494.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061308","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"203","author":"SC Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013494.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2134","article-title":"Transcription factor c-Maf mediates the TGF-\u03b2-dependent suppression of IL-22 production in T(H)17 cells","volume":"12","author":"S Rutz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7436","key":"ppat.1013494.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11813","article-title":"A T-bet gradient controls the fate and function of CCR6-ROR\u03b3t+ innate lymphoid cells","volume":"494","author":"CSN Klose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013494.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091342","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells: important regulators of host\u2013bacteria interaction for border defense","volume":"8","author":"K Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013494.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01858-1","article-title":"IL-12 induces a B cell-intrinsic IL-12\/IFN\u03b3 feed-forward loop promoting extrafollicular B cell responses","volume":"25","author":"RA Elsner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042718-041841","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulation of T cells during inflammation and autoimmunity","volume":"37","author":"EM Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.200","article-title":"Understanding host immune responses in Clostridioides difficile infection: implications for pathogenesis and immunotherapy","volume":"3","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.02.008","article-title":"Networking between helminths, microbes, and mammals","volume":"31","author":"P Loke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6062","key":"ppat.1013494.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214914","article-title":"Natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands control organogenesis of intestinal lymphoid follicles","volume":"334","author":"EA Kiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.94","article-title":"Dysbiosis caused by vitamin D receptor deficiency confers colonization resistance to Citrobacter rodentium through modulation of innate lymphoid cells","volume":"8","author":"J Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18262-6","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity","volume":"11","author":"W Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.04.008","article-title":"The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in modulating intestinal ILC3s to optimise gut pathogen resistance in lupus and benefits of nutritional AhR ligands","volume":"43","author":"N Hanlon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.61","article-title":"CX(3)CR1(+) macrophages support IL-22 production by innate lymphoid cells during infection with Citrobacter rodentium","volume":"6","author":"C Manta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013494.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20140678","article-title":"CX\u2083CR1\u207a mononuclear phagocytes support colitis-associated innate lymphoid cell production of IL-22","volume":"211","author":"RS Longman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.007","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CXCR6 controls the functional topography of interleukin-22 producing intestinal innate lymphoid cells","volume":"41","author":"N Satoh-Takayama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"46","key":"ppat.1013494.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aav1080","article-title":"IL-23 and IL-2 activation of STAT5 is required for optimal IL-22 production in ILC3s during colitis","volume":"5","author":"D Bauch\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013494.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5616","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.9.5616","article-title":"Enteric nematodes induce stereotypic STAT6-dependent alterations in intestinal epithelial cell function","volume":"172","author":"KB Madden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01123-10","article-title":"Duodenal helminth infection alters barrier function of the colonic epithelium via adaptive immune activation","volume":"79","author":"C Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013494.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.06.002","article-title":"Helminth-bacterial interactions: cause and consequence","volume":"39","author":"A Rapin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1146","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-33: an orchestrator of immunity from host defence to tissue homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.04.017","article-title":"Mast cells are crucial for induction of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and clearance of helminth infections","volume":"46","author":"C Shimokawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7585","key":"ppat.1013494.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16527","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial tuft cells initiate type 2 mucosal immunity to helminth parasites","volume":"529","author":"F Gerbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7585","key":"ppat.1013494.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16161","article-title":"Tuft-cell-derived IL-25 regulates an intestinal ILC2-epithelial response circuit","volume":"529","author":"J von Moltke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206587110","article-title":"IL-33 drives biphasic IL-13 production for noncanonical Type 2 immunity against hookworms","volume":"110","author":"L-Y Hung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051496","article-title":"Interleukin 25 regulates type 2 cytokine-dependent immunity and limits chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"203","author":"AM Owyang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.12.628","article-title":"IL-25 (IL-17E) in epithelial immunology and pathophysiology","volume":"148","author":"J Borowczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"43","key":"ppat.1013494.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay3994","article-title":"BATF acts as an essential regulator of IL-25-responsive migratory ILC2 cell fate and function","volume":"5","author":"MM Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.5.671","article-title":"Molecular cloning and biological characterization of a novel murine lymphoid growth factor","volume":"192","author":"JE Sims","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013494.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.016","article-title":"Tuft cells: a new flavor in innate epithelial immunity","volume":"32","author":"RK Grencis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013494.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.05.024","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin-activated invariant natural killer T cells trigger an innate allergic immune response in atopic dermatitis","volume":"126","author":"WH Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"521","key":"ppat.1013494.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aam8858","article-title":"TSLP signaling in CD4+ T cells programs a pathogenic T helper 2 cell state","volume":"11","author":"Y Rochman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.3.1396","article-title":"Induction of IL-4 expression in CD4(+) T cells by thymic stromal lymphopoietin","volume":"178","author":"M Omori","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013494.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041195","article-title":"TSLP enhances the function of helper type 2 cells","volume":"41","author":"M Kitajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013494.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-011-1059-6","article-title":"Increased prevalence of regulatory T cells in the lung cancer microenvironment: a role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin","volume":"60","author":"H Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1048","article-title":"Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes dendritic cell-mediated CD4+ T cell homeostatic expansion","volume":"5","author":"N Watanabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013494.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.2.677","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: a cytokine that promotes the development of IgM+ B cells in vitro and signals via a novel mechanism","volume":"162","author":"SD Levin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref074","first-page":"321","article-title":"A thymic stromal cell line supports in vitro development of surface IgM+ B cells and produces a novel growth factor affecting B and T lineage cells","volume":"22","author":"SL Friend","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013494.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646307","article-title":"TSLP or IL-7 provide an IL-7R\u03b1 signal that is critical for human B lymphopoiesis","volume":"46","author":"T-AM Milford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939419","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces early human B-cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"40","author":"FA Scheeren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400021653","article-title":"Colonization resistance of the digestive tract in conventional and antibiotic-treated mice","volume":"69","author":"D van der Waaij","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-86-21030","article-title":"Effect of streptomycin on susceptibility of intestinal tract to experimental Salmonella infection","volume":"86","author":"M BOHNHOFF","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.06.018","article-title":"An enteric pathogen subverts colonization resistance by evading competition for amino acids in the gut","volume":"28","author":"G Caballero-Flores","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4114","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced shifts in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome increase susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"5","author":"CM Theriot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.06.007","article-title":"Probiotic bacteria reduce Salmonella Typhimurium intestinal colonization by competing for iron","volume":"14","author":"E Deriu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27297-2","article-title":"Siderophore-mediated zinc acquisition enhances enterobacterial colonization of the inflamed gut","volume":"12","author":"J Behnsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013494.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00569-w","article-title":"The microbiome-shaping roles of bacteriocins","volume":"19","author":"S Heilbronner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-165","article-title":"Persistence of colicinogenic Escherichia coli in the mouse gastrointestinal tract","volume":"9","author":"O Gillor","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.04.002","article-title":"Cooperating commensals restore colonization resistance to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium","volume":"21","author":"S Caballero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"7771","key":"ppat.1013494.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1501-z","article-title":"Microbiota-derived lantibiotic restores resistance against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus","volume":"572","author":"SG Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013494.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010025","article-title":"Mechanisms and biological roles of contact-dependent growth inhibition systems","volume":"4","author":"CS Hayes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2377-z","article-title":"Type VI secretion systems of human gut Bacteroidales segregate into three genetic architectures, two of which are contained on mobile genetic elements","volume":"17","author":"MJ Coyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01101-1","article-title":"Review: microbial transformations of human bile acids","volume":"9","author":"DV Guzior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01581","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of unconjugated and conjugated bile salts on Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"8","author":"TH Sannasiddappa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M075143","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of the bactericidal activities of free bile acids in the large intestine of humans and rodents","volume":"58","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref092","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolic factors reduce campylobacteriosis in mice","volume":"154","author":"X Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7533","key":"ppat.1013494.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13828","article-title":"Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile","volume":"517","author":"CG Buffie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181639","article-title":"Inhibiting antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae by microbiota-mediated intracellular acidification","volume":"216","author":"MT Sorbara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.120.5.817","article-title":"Resistance of the mouse\u2019s intestinal tract to experimental Salmonella infection: II. Factors responsibie for its loss following streptomycin treatment","volume":"120","author":"M Bohnhoff","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-3-201","article-title":"Influence of intestinal anaerobes and organic acids on the growth of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7","volume":"51","author":"R Shin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013494.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.7.1686-1691.1987","article-title":"Role of volatile fatty acids in colonization resistance to Clostridium difficile in gnotobiotic mice","volume":"55","author":"WJ Su","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008448","article-title":"Variations in microbiota composition of laboratory mice influence Citrobacter rodentium infection via variable short-chain fatty acid production","volume":"16","author":"L Osbelt","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013494.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00422.2010","article-title":"Importance and regulation of the colonic mucus barrier in a mouse model of colitis","volume":"300","author":"J Petersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.10.007","article-title":"Normalization of host intestinal mucus layers requires long-term microbial colonization","volume":"18","author":"MEV Johansson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref101","article-title":"Muc2 protects against lethal infectious colitis by disassociating pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the colonic mucosa","volume":"6","author":"KSB Bergstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013494.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00854-13","article-title":"The mucin Muc2 limits pathogen burdens and epithelial barrier dysfunction during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis","volume":"81","author":"M Zarepour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00667-20","article-title":"Increased Listeria monocytogenes dissemination and altered population dynamics in Muc2-deficient mice","volume":"89","author":"T Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6351","key":"ppat.1013494.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9949","article-title":"Microbiota-activated PPAR-\u03b3 signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion","volume":"357","author":"MX Byndloss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.005","article-title":"Crosstalk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function","volume":"17","author":"CJ Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.004","article-title":"Depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia from the gut microbiota drives an aerobic luminal expansion of Salmonella","volume":"19","author":"F Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.07.003","article-title":"Dysbiotic Proteobacteria expansion: a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Y Litvak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7296","key":"ppat.1013494.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08970","article-title":"Modulation of Shigella virulence in response to available oxygen in vivo","volume":"465","author":"B Marteyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6305","key":"ppat.1013494.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag3042","article-title":"Virulence factors enhance Citrobacter rodentium expansion through aerobic respiration","volume":"353","author":"CA Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013494.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.12.003","article-title":"Commensal Enterobacteriaceae protect against Salmonella colonization through oxygen competition","volume":"25","author":"Y Litvak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6120","key":"ppat.1013494.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232467","article-title":"Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut","volume":"339","author":"SE Winter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00430-13","article-title":"Streptomycin-induced inflammation enhances Escherichia coli gut colonization through nitrate respiration","volume":"4","author":"AM Spees","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013494.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.03.004","article-title":"Mucispirillum schaedleri antagonizes Salmonella virulence to protect mice against colitis","volume":"25","author":"S Herp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6053","key":"ppat.1013494.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209791","article-title":"The antibacterial lectin RegIIIgamma promotes the spatial segregation of microbiota and host in the intestine","volume":"334","author":"S Vaishnava","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5790","key":"ppat.1013494.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127119","article-title":"Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin","volume":"313","author":"HL Cash","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7214","key":"ppat.1013494.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07250","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit antibiotic-induced innate immune deficits","volume":"455","author":"K Brandl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"327","key":"ppat.1013494.ref117","article-title":"TLR-7 activation enhances IL-22-mediated colonization resistance against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus","volume":"8","author":"MC Abt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013494.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316757","article-title":"The regenerating family member 3 \u03b2 instigates IL-17A-mediated neutrophil recruitment downstream of NOD1\/2 signalling for controlling colonisation resistance independently of microbiota community structure","volume":"68","author":"N Waldschmitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013494.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00721-3","article-title":"The role of iron in host-microbiota crosstalk and its effects on systemic glucose metabolism","volume":"18","author":"J Mayneris-Perxachs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.03.007","article-title":"Microbiota-inducible innate immune siderophore binding protein lipocalin 2 is critical for intestinal homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"V Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"23","key":"ppat.1013494.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13156","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313156","article-title":"Depletion of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in mice leads to dysbiosis and persistent colonization with segmented filamentous bacteria","volume":"22","author":"P Kl\u00fcber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-062917-012312","article-title":"Transition metal sequestration by the host-defense protein calprotectin","volume":"87","author":"EM Zygiel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.033","article-title":"Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria","volume":"139","author":"II Ivanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7529","key":"ppat.1013494.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13960","article-title":"An enteric virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria","volume":"516","author":"E Kernbauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013494.ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0470-1","article-title":"IFN-I and IL-22 mediate protective effects of intestinal viral infection","volume":"4","author":"JA Neil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"5474","key":"ppat.1013494.ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5474.2222","article-title":"A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria","volume":"288","author":"AJ Macpherson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.007","article-title":"Innate and adaptive humoral responses coat distinct commensal bacteria with immunoglobulin A","volume":"43","author":"JJ Bunker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6361","key":"ppat.1013494.ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6619","article-title":"Natural polyreactive IgA antibodies coat the intestinal microbiota","volume":"358","author":"JJ Bunker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00143-12","article-title":"Phage-mediated acquisition of a type III secreted effector protein boosts growth of Salmonella by nitrate respiration","volume":"3","author":"CA Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"7609","key":"ppat.1013494.ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18597","article-title":"Host-mediated sugar oxidation promotes post-antibiotic pathogen expansion","volume":"534","author":"F Faber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6372","key":"ppat.1013494.ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap8775","article-title":"Antagonism toward the intestinal microbiota and its effect on Vibrio cholerae virulence","volume":"359","author":"W Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"34","key":"ppat.1013494.ref132","article-title":"Salmonella Typhimurium utilizes a T6SS-mediated antibacterial weapon to establish in the host gut","volume":"113","author":"TG Sana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.05.004","article-title":"Shigella sonnei encodes a functional T6SS used for interbacterial competition and niche occupancy","volume":"21","author":"MC Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110731","article-title":"Type VI secretion systems of pathogenic and commensal bacteria mediate niche occupancy in the gut","volume":"39","author":"A Serapio-Palacios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127728","article-title":"Induction of ferroptosis: a new strategy for the control of bacterial infections","volume":"284","author":"R Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2015.00081","article-title":"Mucin glycan foraging in the human gut microbiome","volume":"6","author":"LE Tailford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.1.4.12778","article-title":"Mucin-bacterial interactions in the human oral cavity and digestive tract","volume":"1","author":"M Derrien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_353.x","article-title":"Altered expression of goblet cell- and mucin glycosylation-related genes in the intestinal epithelium during infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rat","volume":"114","author":"J Yamauchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1152-8","article-title":"Alteration of the expression profiles of acidic mucin, sialytransferase, and sulfotransferases in the intestinal epithelium of rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis","volume":"103","author":"K Soga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013494.ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006218","article-title":"Immune-driven alterations in mucin sulphation is an important mediator of Trichuris muris helminth expulsion","volume":"13","author":"SZ Hasnain","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6285","key":"ppat.1013494.ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3229","article-title":"Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity","volume":"352","author":"D Ramanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6568","key":"ppat.1013494.ref142","article-title":"Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection","volume":"374","author":"Z Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"42","key":"ppat.1013494.ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11027","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711395114","article-title":"Resistin-like molecule \u03b2 is a bactericidal protein that promotes spatial segregation of the microbiota and the colonic epithelium","volume":"114","author":"DC Propheter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.03.015","article-title":"Microbial byproducts determine reproductive fitness of free-living and parasitic nematodes","volume":"30","author":"M Venzon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013494.ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16093","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.93","article-title":"Colonic transit time is related to bacterial metabolism and mucosal turnover in the gut","volume":"1","author":"HM Roager","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013494.ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap7399","article-title":"Manipulation of host and parasite microbiotas: survival strategies during chronic nematode infection","volume":"4","author":"EC White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013494.ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4699","article-title":"Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in weaned pigs","volume":"90","author":"CM Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9236196","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9236196","article-title":"Dietary chitosan supplementation increases microbial diversity and attenuates the severity of Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice","volume":"2016","author":"G Guan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013494.ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.12.006","article-title":"Acetate formation in the energy metabolism of parasitic helminths and protists","volume":"40","author":"AGM Tielens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ppat.1013494.ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.04.004","article-title":"Macrobiota\u2014helminths as active participants and partners of the microbiota in host intestinal homeostasis","volume":"32","author":"WC Gause","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00498-8","article-title":"Microbial regulation of intestinal motility provides resistance against helminth infection","volume":"15","author":"M Moyat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013494.ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.11.015","article-title":"Recent advances in type-2-cell-mediated immunity: insights from helminth infection","volume":"47","author":"NL Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T17:26:35Z","timestamp":1757611595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013494"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Keke C.","family":"Fairfax","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013494","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]}}}