{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:46:35Z","timestamp":1777056395407,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013573","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000}}],"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-24-CE35-4716 EmerCoV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-24-CE35-4716 EmerCoV"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-77"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-77"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101102733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101102733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI135972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI135972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI135990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI135990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI135972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI135972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Asian\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinolophus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bats are considered the natural reservoirs of an ancestral SARS-CoV-2. However, the biology of SARS-CoV-2-related viruses in bat cells is not well understood. Here, we investigated the replication of an isolate of BANAL-236, the only bat-derived SARS-CoV-2 relative isolated to date, in\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    lungs (Rfe) cells. BANAL-236 did not replicate in wild-type\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinolophus<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell lines. Entry assays using pseudoviruses expressing the spike proteins (S) of SARS-CoV-2, BANAL-236, and BANAL-52 revealed that efficient S-mediated entry depends on the expression of human ACE2 (hACE2) and human TMPRSS2 (hTMPRSS2) in human and\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinolophus<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells. Through biochemical, virological, and electron microscopy analyses, we showed that BANAL-236 and SARS-CoV-2 completed their replication cycles in RFe cells engineered to express high levels of hACE2 and hTMPRSS2. Despite efficient viral replication in modified\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinolophus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and human cells, no induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes was detected. Using a screening approach, we identified several BANAL-236 proteins that antagonize IFN production and signalling in human cells. Our findings thus show that BANAL-236 possesses critical features that enabled zoonotic spillover: hACE2 usage and potent evasion of human IFN responses. The\n                    <jats:italic>Rhinolophus<\/jats:italic>\n                    cellular model we established offers a platform for further investigating the interactions between bat sarbecoviruses and their reservoir hosts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:49:06Z","timestamp":1776707346000},"page":"e1013573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Entry, replication and innate immunity evasion of BANAL-236, a SARS-CoV-2-related bat virus, in Rhinolophus and human cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne","family":"Gracias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Le 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A.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Demeret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandie","family":"Munier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Roingeard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Garcia-Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Caval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-6048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nolwenn","family":"Jouvenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7905","key":"ppat.1013573.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04532-4","article-title":"Bat 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