{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:40:37Z","timestamp":1762454437125,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK2243\/1+2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK2243\/1+2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the arms race between a pathogen and the host, the defense mechanisms of the host cell, including the ubiquitin system, are often counteracted by bacteria.\n                    <jats:italic>Simkania negevensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Sne), an obligate intracellular\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -like bacterium connected with respiratory diseases, possesses numerous deubiquitinases, but not much is known about its other ubiquitin-modifying enzymes. Sne infects a wide range of hosts, developing inside a tubular vacuole in close contact with the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Our study describes an uncharacterized Sne ubiquitin E3 RING-ligase (SNE_A12920 or SneRING), which primarily generates K63- and K11-linked ubiquitin chains and preferentially interacts with UbcH5b and UBE2T E2 enzymes. SneRING is expressed upon infection of various human cell lines, as well as amoebae. We show that a portion of the expressed SneRING co-localizes with mitochondria and ER and that the SneRING interactome includes mitochondrial and ER proteins involved in organelle morphology and stress response. Our work offers an initial characterization of a bacterial RING ligase potentially involved in the host cell remodeling to accommodate the unique intracellular lifestyle of Sne.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:34:46Z","timestamp":1762454086000},"page":"e1013626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and characterization of a ubiquitin E3 RING ligase of the Chlamydia-like bacterium Simkania negevensis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"H\u00f6rner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Lachmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hermanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9658-7018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vera","family":"Kozjak-Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1013626.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06189.x","article-title":"Description 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