{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:47:00Z","timestamp":1787838420551,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFD1800304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32373028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32373028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32171300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["CAAS-CSLPDCP-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-CSLPDCP-202402"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lzujbky-2021-ct05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2021-ct05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Of the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains circulating globally, serotype Asia1 has been effectively eradicated in China through systematic vaccination in livestock. The structural characteristics of serotype Asia1 may enhance its immunogenicity compared to other serotypes. Herein, we present a preliminary exploration of Asia1-binding B-cell receptor repertoire, containing 3571 clones, and identified 17 porcine-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (pnAbs) from the top 33 high-frequency clonotypes. The majority of pnAbs (14\/17) recognized the epitopes on VP2, with a common determinant at residue 72 (D) on the B-C loop; two pnAbs (2\/17) recognized a novel epitope spanning VP2 and VP3; and the remaining one (1\/17) bound to the C-terminus of VP1. Furthermore, the antigenic structures on VP2 and spanning VP2 and VP3 were respectively elucidated by determining the cryo-EM structures of FMDV serotype Asia1 in complexes with two pnAbs, PAS5 and PAS12. The light chain of PAS5, forming the majority of contact sites with the viral particle, focuses on the \u03b2B, B-C loop, \u03b2C and H-I loop of VP2, with key determinants at residues 68, 72 and 77 around the three-fold axis, corresponding to antigenic site 2. The contact sites of both V\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    and V\n                    <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                    of PAS12 uncover a novel antigenic structure comprising the B-C, and H-I loops on VP2, and the B-B knob and \u03b2B on VP3, with key determinants at residue 73 on VP2 and 59 on VP3. Subsequently, site-directed competitive ELISA analysis of sera from primary and booster vaccinated pigs revealed a balanced antibody response profile, suggesting a potentially even immunodominance among antigenic site 2, VP1 G-H loop, and the novel antigenic structure spanning VP2 and VP3 on FMDV serotype Asia1. Compared to the focused immunodominance observed in other serotypes, this balanced antigenic recognition across VP1, VP2, and VP3 of FMDV serotype Asia1 reflects a diversified antibody response that may contribute to effective neutralization and protection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T18:31:16Z","timestamp":1770402676000},"page":"e1013893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Porcine B cell receptor repertoire uncovers balanced recognition of antigenic structures on serotype Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shulun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanquan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hehe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiongqiong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwen","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanfang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaixin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlian","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9138-692X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zengjun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013893.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth 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J"},{"key":"ppat.1013893.ref005","first-page":"79","article-title":"Note on the occurrence of atypical strains of foot-and-mouth diseases virus in India","volume":"27","author":"MRGVR Dhanda","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ind J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013893.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-10010-z","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease status in India during the second decade of the twenty-first century (2011-2020)","volume":"46","author":"S Subramaniam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013893.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2024.2367215","article-title":"Complete coding region sequence analyses and antigenic characterization of emerging lineage G-IX of foot- and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1","volume":"44","author":"M Rout","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet 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II. 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