{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:50:48Z","timestamp":1780098648957,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 31870831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 31870831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of the School of Life Sciences, Shandong University","award":["No.31900509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.31900509"]}]},{"name":"The Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project","award":["2023CXGC010705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CXGC010705"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lysophagy plays a key role in maintaining autophagy homeostasis, but the induction and regulation mechanisms of lysophagy are not clear. In this study, we found that Senecavirus A (SVA) dramatically decreased lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1), significantly increased lysosomal permeability, and induced lysophagy. We demonstrated that the SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    probe (2-(4-(dimethylamino-) phenyl)1,1, 3-trimethyl-1h-benzo [e] indole-3-ium, DLC) could inhibited the degradation of LAMP1 and reduced lysophagy caused by SVA infection. DLC directly binds to LAMP1, and enhanced sulfenylation modification of LAMP1 at Cys375 to inhibit non-lysine ubiquitination. Finally, we verified the antiviral effects of DLC in cells and in BALB\/c mice. Taken together, our study lays the foundation for the identification of SVA infection targets and the development of antiviral drugs in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T18:46:59Z","timestamp":1770317219000},"page":"e1013932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A novel SO2 probe inhibits lysophagy induced by Senecavirus A infection by promoting LAMP1 Cys375 sulfenylation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WenWen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BaoXiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JunYing","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZhaoMin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-023-00899-2","article-title":"The role of autophagy in viral infections","volume":"30","author":"T Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013932.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.3.14281","article-title":"Selective autophagy and viruses","volume":"7","author":"Jr Sumpter R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013932.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0003-6","article-title":"Autophagy during viral infection - a double-edged sword","volume":"16","author":"Y Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839536","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.839536","article-title":"Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions","volume":"12","author":"D Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013932.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1063871","article-title":"Sensitive detection of lysosomal membrane permeabilization by lysosomal galectin puncta assay","volume":"11","author":"S Aits","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1013932.ref006","article-title":"Seneca Valley Virus Enters PK-15 Cells via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis and Macropinocytosis Dependent on Low-pH, Dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7","volume":"96","author":"L Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013932.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2293442","article-title":"Senecavirus A induces mitophagy to promote self-replication through direct interaction of 2C protein with K27-linked ubiquitinated TUFM catalyzed by RNF185","volume":"20","author":"M Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"51","key":"ppat.1013932.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814309115","article-title":"Seneca Valley virus attachment and uncoating mediated by its receptor anthrax toxin receptor 1","volume":"115","author":"L Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"17","key":"ppat.1013932.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2013.171","article-title":"Autophagy sequesters damaged lysosomes to control lysosomal biogenesis and kidney injury","volume":"32","author":"I Maejima","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013932.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2229659","article-title":"TRIM16-mediated lysophagy suppresses high-glucose-accumulated neuronal A\u03b2","volume":"19","author":"CW Chae","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013932.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2745","article-title":"Lysosome biogenesis and lysosomal membrane proteins: trafficking meets function","volume":"10","author":"P Saftig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2006.08.005","article-title":"Roles of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 in lysosome biogenesis and autophagy","volume":"27","author":"E-L Eskelinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013932.ref013","article-title":"Lysosome-Associated Membrane Proteins Support the Furin-Mediated Processing of the Mumps Virus Fusion Protein","volume":"94","author":"A Ueo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013932.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-11-319699","article-title":"BAD-LAMP is a novel biomarker of nonactivated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"118","author":"A Defays","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01818-17","article-title":"Lamp1 Increases the Efficiency of Lassa Virus Infection by Promoting Fusion in Less Acidic Endosomal Compartments","volume":"9","author":"CE Hulseberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013932.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601511","article-title":"LAMP proteins are required for fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes","volume":"26","author":"KK Huynh","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"37","key":"ppat.1013932.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26480","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R113.467738","article-title":"The redox biochemistry of protein sulfenylation and sulfinylation","volume":"288","author":"M Lo Conte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1013932.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6014","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.5b02981","article-title":"Light-Mediated Sulfenic Acid Generation from Photocaged Cysteine Sulfoxide","volume":"17","author":"J Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref019","article-title":"Proteome-Wide Analysis of Cysteine S-Sulfenylation Using a Benzothiazine-Based Probe","volume":"95","author":"L Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Protein Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"ppat.1013932.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b01791","article-title":"Diverse Redoxome Reactivity Profiles of Carbon Nucleophiles","volume":"139","author":"V Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013932.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22252","article-title":"Orphan PTMs: Rare, yet functionally important modifications of cysteine","volume":"101","author":"DA Shannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013932.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20150281","article-title":"Dopamine D4 receptor ubiquitination","volume":"44","author":"K Skieterska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.09.002","article-title":"A synergetic FRET\/ICT platform-based fluorescence probe for ratiometric imaging of bisulfite in lipid droplets","volume":"1137","author":"Y-H Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979986","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.979986","article-title":"A novel sulfur dioxide probe inhibits high glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence","volume":"13","author":"H Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107148","article-title":"Activating Esterase D by PFD5 exerts antiviral effect through inhibiting glutathionization of LAMP1 during Senecavirus A infection","volume":"198","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12966","article-title":"Lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cell death: new evidence and implications for health and disease","volume":"1371","author":"A Serrano-Puebla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref027","article-title":"Galectins Control mTOR in Response to Endomembrane Damage","volume":"70","author":"J Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013932.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170021","article-title":"The mammalian ULK1 complex and autophagy initiation","volume":"61","author":"M Zachari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013932.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2229659","article-title":"TRIM16-mediated lysophagy suppresses high-glucose-accumulated neuronal A\u03b2","volume":"19","author":"CW Chae","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124302","article-title":"FRET-based fluorescent probe with favorable water solubility for simultaneous detection of SO2 derivatives and viscosity","volume":"256","author":"T-Z Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"16","key":"ppat.1013932.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.04.003","article-title":"Endogenous sulfur dioxide is a new gasotransmitter with promising therapeutic potential in cardiovascular system","volume":"66","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Bull (Beijing)"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103124","article-title":"Endogenous sulfur dioxide deficiency as a driver of cardiomyocyte senescence through abolishing sulphenylation of STAT3 at cysteine 259","volume":"71","author":"S Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9367673","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9367673","article-title":"Endothelin-1 Downregulates Sulfur Dioxide\/Aspartate Aminotransferase Pathway via Reactive Oxygen Species to Promote the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells","volume":"2020","author":"X Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013932.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3551","article-title":"Cholesterol and fatty acids regulate cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 through competitive oxidation","volume":"19","author":"Y-J Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5731","key":"ppat.1013932.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110340","article-title":"Ubiquitination on nonlysine residues by a viral E3 ubiquitin ligase","volume":"309","author":"K Cadwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013932.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01824-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of viral transport in the cytoplasm","volume":"8","author":"B Sodeik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1144-6","article-title":"Entry of sapelovirus into IPEC-J2 cells is dependent on caveolae-mediated endocytosis","volume":"16","author":"T Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013932.ref038","article-title":"Glycoprotein 5 Is Cleaved by Cathepsin E during Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Membrane Fusion","volume":"94","author":"J Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14038-9","article-title":"Golgi organization is regulated by proteasomal degradation","volume":"11","author":"A Eisenberg-Lerner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"17","key":"ppat.1013932.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15613","article-title":"The effects of aging on host resistance and disease tolerance to SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"288","author":"DZL Mok","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1013932.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00573","article-title":"Discovery of a Small-Molecule Modulator of the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway That Targets Lamin A\/C and LAMP1, Induces Autophagic Flux, and Affects Lysosome Positioning in Neurons","volume":"14","author":"RS Hippman","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013932.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.10.138","article-title":"Lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 deficiency increases the risk of reactive oxygen species-induced ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"521","author":"J-J Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013932.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3390\/v14051050","article-title":"Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Induces Autophagosome Formation but Inhibits Autolysosome Formation during Replication","volume":"14","author":"J-Y Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013932.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201500185","article-title":"A Versatile Strategy for the Semisynthetic Production of Ser65 Phosphorylated Ubiquitin and Its Biochemical and Structural Characterisation","volume":"16","author":"C Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013932.ref045","article-title":"Seneca Valley virus enters cells through multiple pathways and traffics intracellularly via the endolysosomal pathway","volume":"104","author":"W Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013932.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2293442","article-title":"Senecavirus A induces mitophagy to promote self-replication through direct interaction of 2C protein with K27-linked ubiquitinated TUFM catalyzed by RNF185","volume":"20","author":"M Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013932.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112209","article-title":"Seneca Valley Virus Degrades STING via PERK and ATF6-Mediated Reticulophagy","volume":"15","author":"L Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013932.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2277108","article-title":"Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves OPTN (optineurin) to Impair selective autophagy and type I interferon signaling","volume":"20","author":"J Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01477-0","article-title":"The Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves DCP1A to attenuate its antiviral effects","volume":"56","author":"J Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013932.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3390\/v11060510","article-title":"Biological Function and Application of Picornaviral 2B Protein: A New Target for Antiviral Drug Development","volume":"11","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013932.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00852-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of membrane permeabilization by picornavirus 2B viroporin","volume":"552","author":"JL Nieva","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref052","article-title":"Negative auto-regulation of sulfur dioxide generation in vascular endothelial cells: AAT1 S-sulfenylation","author":"Y Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369326","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1369326","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide inhibits mast cell degranulation by sulphenylation of galectin-9 at cysteine 74","volume":"15","author":"J Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1013932.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.05.045","article-title":"Discovery of unsymmetrical aromatic disulfides as novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV main protease: Chemical synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and 3D-QSAR study","volume":"137","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013932.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0281-y","article-title":"Lopinavir inhibits meningioma cell proliferation by Akt independent mechanism","volume":"101","author":"MD Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013932.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(00)90004-3","article-title":"Pharmacology of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced mitochondrial toxicity","volume":"22","author":"TN Kakuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Ther"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T18:47:12Z","timestamp":1770317232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013932"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gulam Hussain","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013932","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]}}}