{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:11:19Z","timestamp":1780931479956,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013935","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial key Research and Development Program","award":["2023BCB017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BCB017"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program Special Project on Technology Response to Active Health and Population Aging","award":["2023YFC3604700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3604700"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program Special Project on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Equipment and Biomedical Technology","award":["2022YFC2401900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2401900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32400131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32400131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, often leading to organ dysfunction and even death. During the recovery phase of sepsis, patients frequently exhibit impaired antimicrobial function of immune cells, which exacerbates the state of immunosuppression and increases the risk of secondary infections. However, therapeutic strategies targeting sepsis-induced immunosuppression have yet to achieve breakthrough progress, with the core challenge lying in the significant gaps in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying immunosuppression. In this study, we integrated clinical samples, mouse models, and molecular mechanisms to reveal that the reduction in macrophage function and epigenetic dysregulation, particularly histone ubiquitination, are central drivers of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Further investigation demonstrated that MYSM1, a deubiquitinase, plays a pivotal role in regulating this ubiquitination process. Targeted deletion of the N-terminal domain of MYSM1 markedly enhances the inflammatory response during the early phase of secondary infection in sepsis, facilitating bacterial clearance and significantly mitigating tissue damage in the late phase of secondary infection, thereby improving the survival outcomes in mice. Overall, our study elucidates the role of MYSM1-mediated dysregulation of epigenetic modifications in the immune response during the late phase of sepsis, providing a novel therapeutic approach for addressing sepsis-related immune dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:41:57Z","timestamp":1770921717000},"page":"e1013935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MYSM1-mediated epigenetic modification dysregulation leads to immunosuppression and secondary infections in sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jiali","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-9044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingjun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10141","key":"ppat.1013935.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30696-2","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock","volume":"392","author":"M Cecconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013935.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06151-x","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis: results from an updated and expanded systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"C Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013935.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201606-1225OC","article-title":"The Host Response in Patients with Sepsis Developing Intensive Care Unit-acquired Secondary Infections","volume":"196","author":"LA van Vught","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013935.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.60","article-title":"The Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013935.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70189-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status","volume":"5","author":"IN Okeke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9761","key":"ppat.1013935.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61458-4","article-title":"Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"377","author":"B Allegranzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ppat.1013935.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-061121-040214","article-title":"Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression","volume":"84","author":"LK Torres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013935.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071366","article-title":"Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock","volume":"358","author":"CL Sprung","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1013935.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103083441001","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis","volume":"344","author":"GR Bernard","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1013935.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0556-8","article-title":"Increasing evidence that the risks of rhAPC may outweigh its benefits","volume":"33","author":"PQ Eichacker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"ppat.1013935.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010307","article-title":"Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"345","author":"E Rivers","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9107","key":"ppat.1013935.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60602-2","article-title":"Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group","volume":"351","author":"E Abraham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013935.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520360048038","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. TNF-alpha MAb Sepsis Study Group","volume":"273","author":"E Abraham","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013935.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.2.256","article-title":"Unraveling severe sepsis: why did OPTIMIST fail and what\u2019s next?","volume":"290","author":"DC Angus","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013935.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0363OC","article-title":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial","volume":"180","author":"C Meisel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013935.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1086\/515694","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of filgrastim as an adjunct to antibiotics for treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. CAP Study Group","volume":"178","author":"S Nelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013935.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440250031004","article-title":"Interferon gamma-1b in the treatment of compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome. A new approach: proof of principle","volume":"157","author":"WJ Kox","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013935.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.012","article-title":"The immunology of sepsis","volume":"54","author":"T van der Poll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013935.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.11.014","article-title":"Nuclear adenine activates hnRNPA2B1 to enhance antibacterial innate immunity","volume":"37","author":"S Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013935.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5598","article-title":"Mast cell IL-6 improves survival from Klebsiella pneumonia and sepsis by enhancing neutrophil killing","volume":"181","author":"RE Sutherland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1013935.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01363","article-title":"Epigenetics in Sepsis: Understanding Its Role in Endothelial Dysfunction, Immunosuppression, and Potential Therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"D Cross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013935.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004247","article-title":"Epigenetics of Sepsis","volume":"48","author":"A Binnie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013935.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312754","article-title":"Sepsis Induces Prolonged Epigenetic Modifications in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Macrophages Impairing Inflammation and Wound Healing","volume":"39","author":"FM Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1013935.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123515","article-title":"The Methyltransferase Smyd1 Mediates LPS-Triggered Up-Regulation of IL-6 in Endothelial Cells","volume":"10","author":"A Shamloul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013935.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020346","article-title":"Histone Deacetylation Inhibitors as Therapy Concept in Sepsis","volume":"20","author":"A von Knethen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013935.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00858.2009","article-title":"Sepsis and glucocorticoids upregulate p300 and downregulate HDAC6 expression and activity in skeletal muscle","volume":"299","author":"N Alamdari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013935.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.10.050","article-title":"Inhibition of histone deacetylases protects septic mice from lung and splenic apoptosis","volume":"187","author":"M Takebe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"ppat.1013935.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.054","article-title":"SIRT1 alleviates isoniazid-induced hepatocyte injury by reducing histone acetylation in the IL-6 promoter region","volume":"67","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ppat.1013935.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002680","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202002680","article-title":"USP38 Couples Histone Ubiquitination and Methylation via KDM5B to Resolve Inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1013935.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-022-09758-2","article-title":"LncRNA MALAT1 Regulates USP22 Expression Through EZH2-Mediated H3K27me3 Modification to Accentuate Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"H Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"ppat.1013935.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.001","article-title":"Methylsulfonylmethane protects against lethal dose MRSA-induced sepsis through promoting M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"146","author":"W Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"28","key":"ppat.1013935.ref032","article-title":"Histone H3K18 and Ezrin Lactylation Promote Renal Dysfunction in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"11","author":"J Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013935.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80256-7","article-title":"Synergistic coupling of histone H3 phosphorylation and acetylation in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation","volume":"5","author":"P Cheung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1013935.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.04.018","article-title":"Histone H3 phosphorylation - a versatile chromatin modification for different occasions","volume":"94","author":"A Sawicka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ppat.1013935.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.10.010","article-title":"Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates histone demethylase JMJD3-mediated inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated macrophages and in a mouse model of LPS-induced septic shock","volume":"149","author":"S Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013935.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939739","article-title":"Impaired CD4+ T-cell proliferation and effector function correlates with repressive histone methylation events in a mouse model of severe sepsis","volume":"40","author":"WF Carson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013935.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01762-x","article-title":"Upregulation of Hsp27 via further inhibition of histone H2A ubiquitination confers protection against myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury by promoting glycolysis and enhancing mitochondrial function","volume":"9","author":"P Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"7165","key":"ppat.1013935.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06256","article-title":"Regulation of cell cycle progression and gene expression by H2A deubiquitination","volume":"449","author":"H-Y Joo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013935.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1609708","article-title":"Deubiquitylation of histone H2A activates transcriptional initiation via trans-histone cross-talk with H3K4 di- and trimethylation","volume":"22","author":"T Nakagawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013935.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.12.011","article-title":"A TFTC\/STAGA module mediates histone H2A and H2B deubiquitination, coactivates nuclear receptors, and counteracts heterochromatin silencing","volume":"29","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"7295","key":"ppat.1013935.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08966","article-title":"Histone H2A deubiquitinase activity of the Polycomb repressive complex PR-DUB","volume":"465","author":"JC Scheuermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013935.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.07.024","article-title":"A histone H2A deubiquitinase complex coordinating histone acetylation and H1 dissociation in transcriptional regulation","volume":"27","author":"P Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013935.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21083007","article-title":"Deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the Hematopoietic System and beyond: A Current Review","volume":"21","author":"A Fiore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013935.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.09.010","article-title":"Deubiquitinase MYSM1 Regulates Innate Immunity through Inactivation of TRAF3 and TRAF6 Complexes","volume":"43","author":"S Panda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013935.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07016-0","article-title":"The deubiquitinase MYSM1 dampens NOD2-mediated inflammation and tissue damage by inactivating the RIP2 complex","volume":"9","author":"S Panda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1013935.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.12.002","article-title":"Role of Bmi-1 and Ring1A in H2A ubiquitylation and Hox gene silencing","volume":"20","author":"R Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013935.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.10.005","article-title":"Polycomb group proteins Ring1A\/B link ubiquitylation of histone H2A to heritable gene silencing and X inactivation","volume":"7","author":"M de Napoles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1013935.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.11.013","article-title":"hnRNPK Recruits PCGF3\/5-PRC1 to the Xist RNA B-Repeat to Establish Polycomb-Mediated Chromosomal Silencing","volume":"68","author":"G Pintacuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013935.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1271","article-title":"H2A mono-ubiquitination differentiates FACT\u2019s functions in nucleosome assembly and disassembly","volume":"50","author":"Y-Z Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1013935.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2022.167936","article-title":"H2A Ubiquitination Alters H3-tail Dynamics on Linker-DNA to Enhance H3K27 Methylation","volume":"435","author":"H Ohtomo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7327","key":"ppat.1013935.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09574","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of polycomb-repressed genes by ZRF1","volume":"468","author":"H Richly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013935.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.02.017","article-title":"H2AK119ub1 differentially fine-tunes gene expression by modulating canonical PRC1- and H1-dependent chromatin compaction","volume":"84","author":"J Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1013935.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2025.05.029","article-title":"Non-canonical PRC1.1 licenses transcriptional response to enable Treg plasticity in immune adaptation","volume":"85","author":"T Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013935","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013935","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T18:57:50Z","timestamp":1771873070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013935"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Coureuil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013935","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]}}}