{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:14:03Z","timestamp":1789668843212,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014016","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000}}],"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gammaherpesviruses, including human Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), establish lifelong latent infections that contribute to multiple cancers and Multiple Sclerosis. These viruses colonize na\u00efve B cells and drive a robust, polyclonal germinal center response to expand the latent viral reservoir and establish lifelong infection in memory B cells. Despite the clinical burden of these viruses, the host factors that support chronic infection remain poorly defined. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a critical cytokine traditionally recognized for its protective roles in bacterial and fungal defense; however, its involvement in gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis has not been explored. Using murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) as a tractable\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    model, we identify IL-22 as a host factor that promotes the establishment of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection. MHV68 infection triggers robust IL-22 production across multiple anatomical sites and immune cell populations. Although IL-22 deficiency did not affect acute viral replication, IL-22\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice exhibited a sustained reduction in latent viral burden within both the spleen and peritoneal cavity. This phenotype was accompanied by impaired germinal center B cell and T follicular helper cell responses, reduced plasma-cell expansion, diminished virus-specific antibody responses, and attenuated polyclonal autoreactive antibody production. Furthermore, IL-22 deficiency was associated with reduced systemic BAFF levels, suggesting that IL-22 contributes to the establishment of a germinal center microenvironment that supports chronic infection. Together, these findings identify IL-22 as a previously unrecognized regulator of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection and reveal a role for this cytokine in coordinating germinal center responses, humoral immunity, and latent reservoir establishment, providing new insight into how host immune pathways contribute to lifelong gammaherpesvirus infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:56:34Z","timestamp":1788890194000},"page":"e1014016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IL-22 promotes the establishment of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection by supporting the germinal center response"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sheikh Tahir","family":"Majeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine","place":["Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine","place":["Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3421-8185","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher N.","family":"Jondle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine","place":["Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"ppat.1014016.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13578","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01663-07","article-title":"X box binding protein XBP-1s transactivates the Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF50 promoter, linking plasma cell differentiation to KSHV reactivation from latency","volume":"81","author":"SJ Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1014016.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104656","article-title":"Gammaherpesviruses and lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"9","author":"E Cesarman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014016.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5010018","article-title":"The role of gammaherpesviruses in 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