{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:14:09Z","timestamp":1790878449521,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014051","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan of China \u00ef\u00bc\u02c6CN\u00ef\u00bc\u2030","award":["2024YFC2607300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2607300"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82130105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82130105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82341091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82341091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U22A20379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan of China","award":["2022YFC2303300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2303300"]}]},{"name":"Key R&D Program of Hubei Province","award":["2021BCD004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BCD004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Enteroviruses,<\/jats:italic>\n                    which belong to the family\n                    <jats:italic>Picornaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), respiratory symptoms, and severe neurological complications in children. Since vaccines cannot provide cross-protection against different serotypes of enteroviruses, the development of broad-spectrum anti-enteroviral drugs is imperative. The viral 3C protease (3C\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), which is essential for polyprotein processing represents a validated target for therapeutic intervention. Importantly, enterovirus 3C\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    shares conserved structural and catalytic features with coronavirus main protease (M\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    , also known as 3C-like protease, 3CL\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), providing a rationale for cross-target inhibitor repurposing. Through targeted screening of peptidomimetic protease inhibitors, a clinical-stage SARS-CoV-2 M\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    inhibitor was identified as a potent inhibitor of enterovirus A71 (EV71) 3C\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Bofutrelvir displayed nanomolar antiviral activity in multiple cell lines and demonstrated broad-spectrum efficacy against several enteroviruses including coxsackievirus B5, coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and echovirus 11. In EV71 infected neonatal mice, intraperitoneal administration of bofutrelvir markedly reduced viral loads in brain, spinal cord, and muscle, alleviated clinical symptoms, and suppressed tissue inflammation. Oral administration of bofutrelvir also provided therapeutic benefits in neonatal mice models of both EV71 and CA16. Crystallographic analysis revealed that bofutrelvir binds in the conserved substrate-binding cleft of EV71 3C\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    , elucidating its molecular mechanism of inhibition. These findings identify bofutrelvir as a broad-spectrum peptidomimetic 3C\n                    <jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>\n                    inhibitor with strong antiviral efficacy against enteroviruses and highlight its potential for repurposing as a promising antiviral candidate for the treatment of enteroviral infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:38:40Z","timestamp":1773250720000},"page":"e1014051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A clinical SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor blocks replication of multiple enteroviruses and confers oral in vivo protection in animal 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