{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T11:43:20Z","timestamp":1792928600676,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014052","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000}}],"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-40\/ 200.584\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-40\/ 200.584\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tissue resident memory CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells (T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    s) populate mucosal sites and play a critical role in local immune responses. Gut T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells persist for extended periods in the gut mucosa where they rapidly respond to invading pathogens and provide long lasting protection. This study investigates the factors that mediate differentiation of na\u00efve CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells into cells presenting a gut T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    phenotype. Na\u00efve CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells were cultured under conditions that mimicked mucosal environments. This included signaling through MAdCAM-1 in the presence of Retinoic Acid (RA) and TGF-\u03b2. This combination of stimuli primed na\u00efve CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells to adopt a T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    phenotype. However, to fully differentiate into T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    s an additional soluble factor provided by memory T cells was required. Our results identified IL-6 as one of the key factors that induces the expression of T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    -associated markers, including CD69, CD103 and CCR5. This unique combination of stimuli promoted T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    differentiation despite low level proliferation. T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    differentiation was mediated through JAK\/STAT signaling, and antagonists that target JAK\/STAT pathways suppressed MAdCAM-1 mediated T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell formation. Our findings revealed that MAdCAM-1 works together with TGF-\u03b2, RA and IL-6 in this process. Such information may aid in the design of next generation adjuvants and effective mucosal vaccines. Additionally, each of these factors may be targeted to treat excessive gut inflammation associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, these findings provide new strategies aimed at modulating immune responses to invading pathogens and identify therapeutic approaches toward regulating gut inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:40:33Z","timestamp":1773682833000},"page":"e1014052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["IL-6 is one of the key factors in the formation of gut tissue resident memory T cells from Na\u00efve T cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Han G.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinmanus","family":"Vimopatranon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Wertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Young","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Kehrl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Schmeisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelyn M.","family":"Seemiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Lusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danlan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia R.","family":"Goes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Arthos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1181-8997","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Cicala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6754","key":"ppat.1014052.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/44385","article-title":"Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions","volume":"401","author":"F Sallusto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13210","article-title":"Axes of heterogeneity in human tissue-resident memory T cells","volume":"316","author":"PA Szabo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3567","article-title":"Human memory T cells: generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"DL Farber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1014052.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053214","article-title":"Tissue-Resident T Cells and Other Resident Leukocytes","volume":"37","author":"D Masopust","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1014052.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00884-8","article-title":"Localization, tissue biology and T cell state - implications for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"JM Schenkel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014052.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad090","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory T cell: Ontogenetic cellular mechanism and clinical translation","volume":"214","author":"H Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014052.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01004-1","article-title":"Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity","volume":"22","author":"SN Christo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1014052.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.078","article-title":"Human tissue-resident memory T cells are defined by core transcriptional and functional signatures in lymphoid and mucosal sites","volume":"20","author":"BV Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"6502","key":"ppat.1014052.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/372190a0","article-title":"Adhesion between epithelial cells and T lymphocytes mediated by E-cadherin and the alpha E beta 7 integrin","volume":"372","author":"KL Cepek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014052.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646837","article-title":"CD69: from activation marker to metabolic gatekeeper","volume":"47","author":"D Cibri\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014052.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402256","article-title":"Cutting edge: CD69 interference with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor function regulates peripheral T cell retention","volume":"194","author":"LK Mackay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7083","key":"ppat.1014052.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04606","article-title":"CD69 acts downstream of interferon-alpha\/beta to inhibit S1P1 and lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs","volume":"440","author":"LR Shiow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ppat.1014052.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101921-045939","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 Regulation of T Cells","volume":"41","author":"W Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014052.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.019","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling controls the formation and maintenance of gut-resident memory T cells by regulating migration and retention","volume":"39","author":"N Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.10.001","article-title":"How vitamin A metabolizing dendritic cells are generated in the gut mucosa","volume":"33","author":"WW Agace","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014052.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.08.011","article-title":"Retinoic acid imprints gut-homing specificity on T cells","volume":"21","author":"M Iwata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1014052.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.09.015","article-title":"Retinoic acid and TGF-\u03b2 orchestrate organ-specific programs of tissue residency","volume":"57","author":"A Obers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014052.ref018","article-title":"Retinoic acid signaling during priming licenses intestinal CD103+ CD8 TRM cell differentiation","volume":"220","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6086","key":"ppat.1014052.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223490","article-title":"Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system","volume":"336","author":"LV Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014052.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00389-4","article-title":"Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function","volume":"14","author":"UM M\u00f6rbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014052.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200009","article-title":"MAdCAM-1 Costimulates T Cells through Integrin \u03b14\u03b27 to Cause Gene Expression Events Resembling Costimulation through CD28","volume":"6","author":"HA DeBerg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014052.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.04.004","article-title":"MAdCAM-1 co-stimulation combined with retinoic acid and TGF-\u03b2 induces blood CD8+ T cells to adopt a gut CD101+ TRM phenotype","volume":"17","author":"A Girard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014052.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0044-1","article-title":"MAdCAM costimulation through Integrin-\u03b14\u03b27 promotes HIV replication","volume":"11","author":"F Nawaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014052.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011209","article-title":"MAdCAM-1 costimulation in the presence of retinoic acid and TGF-\u03b2 promotes HIV infection and differentiation of CD4+ T cells into CCR5+ TRM-like cells","volume":"19","author":"S Vimonpatranon","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014052.ref025","first-page":"763","article-title":"Expression of the mucosal vascular addressin, MAdCAM-1, on sinus-lining cells in the spleen","volume":"147","author":"G Kraal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6203","key":"ppat.1014052.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/337179a0","article-title":"The mucosal vascular addressin is a tissue-specific endothelial cell adhesion molecule for circulating lymphocytes","volume":"337","author":"M Nakache","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"13","key":"ppat.1014052.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-434779","article-title":"IL-7 induces expression and activation of integrin \u03b14\u03b27 promoting naive T-cell homing to the intestinal mucosa","volume":"120","author":"R Cimbro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ppat.1014052.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1990.tb00563.x","article-title":"Roles of adhesion molecules in T-cell recognition: fundamental similarities between four integrins on resting human T cells (LFA-1, VLA-4, VLA-5, VLA-6) in expression, binding, and costimulation","volume":"114","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014052.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/130356","article-title":"Interleukin 6: Biological significance and role in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"30","author":"A Paw\u0142owska-Kamieniak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2013.12.003","article-title":"Master regulator of intestinal disease: IL-6 in chronic inflammation and cancer development","volume":"26","author":"MJ Waldner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1014052.ref031","article-title":"Intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells: characteristics, functions under physiological and pathological conditions and spatial specificity","author":"R Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13059","article-title":"Origins of CD4+ circulating and tissue-resident memory T-cells","volume":"157","author":"QP Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"49","key":"ppat.1014052.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20877","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911796106","article-title":"The integrin alpha4beta7 forms a complex with cell-surface CD4 and defines a T-cell subset that is highly susceptible to infection by HIV-1","volume":"106","author":"C Cicala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"425","key":"ppat.1014052.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam6354","article-title":"Integrin \u03b14\u03b27 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes","volume":"10","author":"A Sivro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1014052.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.12.3855","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta is an important immunomodulatory protein for human B lymphocytes","volume":"137","author":"JH Kehrl","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1014052.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmunol\/192.7.2939","article-title":"Pillars Article: production of transforming growth factor beta by human T lymphocytes and its potential role in the regulation of T cell growth. J Exp Med. 1986. 163: 1037-1050","volume":"192","author":"JH Kehrl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014052.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1316909","article-title":"Tocilizumab (Actemra)","volume":"13","author":"M Sheppard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014052.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0273-0","article-title":"JAK-STAT pathway targeting for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"A Salas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ppat.1014052.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3340297","article-title":"Interleukin-6-type cytokine signalling through the gp130\/Jak\/STAT pathway","author":"PC Heinrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1014052.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01118-z","article-title":"Human disease phenotypes associated with loss and gain of function mutations in STAT2: viral susceptibility and type I interferonopathy","volume":"41","author":"CJA Duncan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014052.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1604","article-title":"Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling","volume":"5","author":"LC Platanias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.031","article-title":"Local Inflammatory Cues Regulate Differentiation and Persistence of CD8+ Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells","volume":"19","author":"T Bergsbaken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014052.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.11.81","article-title":"Ruxolitinib: a new JAK1\/2 inhibitor that offers promising options for treatment of myelofibrosis","volume":"7","author":"A Ostojic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014052.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.10.015","article-title":"The JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 potently blocks Stat3 signaling and oncogenesis in solid tumors","volume":"16","author":"M Hedvat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014052.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00590-3","article-title":"The precursors of CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells: from lymphoid organs to infected tissues","volume":"22","author":"L Kok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1014052.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01040-6","article-title":"A guide to adaptive immune memory","volume":"24","author":"N Lam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048737","article-title":"Circulating memory CD8+ T cells are limited in forming CD103+ tissue-resident memory T cells at mucosal sites after reinfection","volume":"51","author":"FM Behr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014052.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00583-2","article-title":"Mucosal vaccines - fortifying the frontiers","volume":"22","author":"EC Lavelle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","article-title":"Regulation of type I interferon responses","volume":"14","author":"LB Ivashkiv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014052.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-021-00565-1","article-title":"The effects of all-trans retinoic acid on immune cells and its formulation design for vaccines","volume":"23","author":"X Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014052.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830201008","article-title":"A new surface antigen on intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestine","volume":"20","author":"PJ Kilshaw","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1014052.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2744","article-title":"The developmental pathway for CD103(+)CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells of skin","volume":"14","author":"LK Mackay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"5835","key":"ppat.1014052.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145697","article-title":"Reciprocal TH17 and regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by retinoic acid","volume":"317","author":"D Mucida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1014052.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa497","article-title":"Preferential Infection of \u03b14\u03b27+ Memory CD4+ T Cells During Early Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection","volume":"71","author":"A Tokarev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2007.1","article-title":"HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system","volume":"1","author":"JM Brenchley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014052.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45555-x","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 blockade drives a transitional effector phenotype in T cells reversing SIV latency and decreasing SIV reservoirs in vivo","volume":"15","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"461","key":"ppat.1014052.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau4711","article-title":"Anti-\u03b14\u03b27 therapy targets lymphoid aggregates in the gastrointestinal tract of HIV-1-infected individuals","volume":"10","author":"M Uzzan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014052.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.23921","article-title":"Type I interferons induce autophagy in certain human cancer cell lines","volume":"9","author":"H Schmeisser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autophagy"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014052","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000}},{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014176","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:45:25Z","timestamp":1774374325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014052"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Guido","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]}}}