{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T18:20:25Z","timestamp":1778782825104,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014080","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI064616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI064616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM071940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM071940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and related apicomplexan parasites utilize a unique membrane and cytoskeletal organelle called the inner membrane complex (IMC) for maintaining cell shape, motility, host cell invasion, and replication. The cytoskeleton portion of the organelle is a network of filaments composed of proteins called alveolins, whose precise functions and organization are poorly understood. Here we describe the function of the founding member of the\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    alveolins, IMC1, which we show is expressed and loaded onto forming daughter buds with IMC4, but later than the other key alveolins IMC3, IMC6, and IMC10. Disruption of IMC1 results in severe morphological defects that impact the integrity of the parasite\u2019s cytoskeleton and disrupt invasion, replication, and egress. Loss of IMC1 in a less virulent type II strain results in a dramatic loss of infectivity and complete failure to form a chronic infection. We then use deletion analyses to dissect functional regions of the protein which reveals a key subregion of the alveolin domain that is sufficient for IMC targeting and also required for function. We then show that IMC1 interacts directly with IMC4 and the loss of IMC1 results in mislocalization of IMC4 specifically in forming daughter buds. This study thus reveals the critical role that IMC1 plays in forming and maintaining the architecture of the filamentous network of the IMC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:45:58Z","timestamp":1778521558000},"page":"e1014080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toxoplasma IMC1 is a central component of the subpellicular network and plays critical roles in parasite morphology, replication, and infectivity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Juliette N.","family":"Uy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z. Hong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8481-0638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1014080.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"AM Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014080.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005100","article-title":"Biology and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in man and animals","volume":"6","author":"DE Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Health Res 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Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014080.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00225-14","article-title":"Targeting Toxoplasma tubules: tubulin, microtubules, and associated proteins in a human pathogen","volume":"14","author":"N Morrissette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014080.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03056.x","article-title":"\u201cThe glideosome\u201d: a dynamic complex powering gliding motion and host cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"45","author":"C Opitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1014080.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104100","article-title":"Lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii: 15 years later","volume":"69","author":"IJ Blader","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev 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