{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T18:14:36Z","timestamp":1778004876573,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014082","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000}}],"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEIRR contract number 75N93021C00017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEIRR contract number 75N93021C00017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 HL150803 and R01 AI190367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 HL150803 and R01 AI190367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"\n Viral transmission from infected donors to uninfected recipients is the key event underlying the spread of viral pathogens at the level of a host population. Successful viral transmission from a donor to a recipient depends on several factors including the infectiousness of the donor. Donor infectiousness in turn can depend on the viral kinetics and viral load of the donor, donor behavior and symptoms, and donor immunity. Here, we use a mouse model of murine respirovirus (otherwise known as Sendai virus SeV) infection to quantitatively explore donor determinants of respiratory virus transmission. The experimental transmission studies we analyze are specifically designed to address the effect that pre-existing donor immunity may have on transmission potential by studying SeV transmission from both immunized and control (placebo-immunized) donors to na\u00efve recipients. We specifically focus on the impact of tissue resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells on donor transmission potential by considering immunization strategies that primarily generate CD8 T cell immunity. Through quantitative analyses of these experiments, we find that pre-existing CD8 TRMs act to reduce donor transmission potential. This finding is in agreement with previous findings and can be in part explained by a reduction in total infection load in immunized donors. However, even once differences in infection load between immunized and control donors are accounted for, immunized donors still have reduced infectiousness relative to control donors. We explore possible reasons for this unexpected pattern using a mathematical model that integrates within-host viral dynamics and between-host transmission occurrences. Analysis of model simulations, along with observations from knock-out experiments, suggests that interferon gamma (IFN-\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) may be partly responsible for the observed differences in infectiousness between control and immune donors. Future experimental transmission studies should consider measuring IFN-\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b3<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n levels and its effects when interpreting transmission outcomes in the context of host immunity.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:49:19Z","timestamp":1776793759000},"page":"e1014082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantifying the role of pre-existing tissue resident cellular immunity in limiting respiratory virus transmission"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8205-0716","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ananya","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Michalets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Uddb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Kohlmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rustom","family":"Antia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Koelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014082.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.338","article-title":"Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs","volume":"94","author":"ME Woolhouse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7066","key":"ppat.1014082.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04153","article-title":"Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease 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Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014082.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01105-z","article-title":"Daily longitudinal sampling of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals substantial heterogeneity in infectiousness","volume":"7","author":"R Ke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"ppat.1014082.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67308","article-title":"Superspreaders drive the largest outbreaks of hospital onset COVID-19 infections","volume":"10","author":"CJ Illingworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014082.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.05.002","article-title":"Catch Me if You Can: Superspreading of COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"SS Lakdawala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends 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