{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T18:56:40Z","timestamp":1775674600455,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI110820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI110820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI141360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI141360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI063503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI063503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Henry Schueler Foundation","award":["Doctoral Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Research Award"]}]},{"name":"Henry Schueler Foundation","award":["Foundation Scholar Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Foundation Scholar Award"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Lomentospora prolificans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an environmental fungus that can cause life-threatening infections when airborne conidia are inhaled. Airway epithelial cells are likely to be the first host cells to interact with\n                    <jats:italic>L. prolificans<\/jats:italic>\n                    during pulmonary infection; however, the fungal and host factors that govern this interaction are completely unknown. Herein, we combined whole fungal cell pulldowns of surface proteins from airway epithelial cells and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS) to identify host proteins that could potentially serve as host receptors for the fungus. We provide evidence that integrin \u03b24 serves as a receptor that promotes the initial binding of\n                    <jats:italic>L. prolificans<\/jats:italic>\n                    to airway epithelial cells. Integrin \u03b24 can associate with\n                    <jats:italic>L. prolificans<\/jats:italic>\n                    conidia that have been heat-killed or pre-treated with proteinase K suggesting that the fungal ligand is not proteinaceous. Inhibition of integrin \u03b24 function by siRNA-mediated knockdown, or blocking with an anti-integrin \u03b24 antibody, significantly inhibited the ability of\n                    <jats:italic>L. prolificans<\/jats:italic>\n                    to adhere to human airway epithelial cells. Integrin \u03b24 can also associate with, and promote the adherence of, two closely related species of fungal pathogens,\n                    <jats:italic>Scedosporium apiospermum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Scedosporium boydii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Overall, our study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation of infection by\n                    <jats:italic>L. prolificans,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and two closely related species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T17:43:22Z","timestamp":1775670202000},"page":"e1014107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrin \u00df4 is a receptor for emerging fungal pathogens from the genera Lomentospora and Scedosporium"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Povilas","family":"Kavaliauskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riley","family":"Risteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sondus","family":"Alkhazraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breanna","family":"Shirtliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf S.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1683-2015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincent M.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1014107.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071317","article-title":"Lomentospora prolificans: An Emerging Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen","volume":"10","author":"A Konsoula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014107.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802524506","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of Scedosporium prolificans infection, a review of 162 cases","volume":"47","author":"JL Rodriguez-Tudela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014107.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12244","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of Scedosporium infections among solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"16","author":"LS Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1014107.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02110.x","article-title":"Infection and colonisation due to Scedosporium in Northern Spain. An in vitro antifungal susceptibility and molecular epidemiology study of 60 isolates","author":"M Lackner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1014107.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30784-2","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology","volume":"21","author":"M Hoenigl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1014107.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00086-19","article-title":"Osteoarticular Mycoses","volume":"35","author":"MN Gamaletsou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"ppat.1014107.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.12.017","article-title":"Invasive Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans infections in pediatric patients: analysis of 55 cases from FungiScope(R) and the literature","volume":"92","author":"D Seidel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014107.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3045","article-title":"Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity","volume":"16","author":"JA Whitsett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014107.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780902738006","article-title":"Host immune response against Scedosporium species","volume":"47","author":"E Roilides","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014107.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00183-2","article-title":"Insights into the interaction of Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans with lung epithelial cells","volume":"51","author":"TP de Mello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014107.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00364-12","article-title":"Adhesins in human fungal pathogens: glue with plenty of stick","volume":"12","author":"PWJ de Groot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014107.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01735-19","article-title":"Fosmanogepix (APX001) Is Effective in the Treatment of Immunocompromised Mice Infected with Invasive Pulmonary Scedosporiosis or Disseminated Fusariosis","volume":"64","author":"S Alkhazraji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014107.ref013","article-title":"A mass spectrometric-derived cell surface protein atlas","volume":"10","author":"D Bausch-Fluck","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014107.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01087-20","article-title":"GRP78 and Integrins Play Different Roles in Host Cell Invasion during Mucormycosis","volume":"11","author":"A Alqarihi","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014107.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200524","article-title":"Integrin \u03b1X\u03b2\u2082 is a leukocyte receptor for Candida albicans and is essential for protection against fungal infections","volume":"189","author":"S Jawhara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ppat.1014107.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16211","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.211","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus CalA binds to integrin \u03b15\u03b21 and mediates host cell invasion","volume":"2","author":"H Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat 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