{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:49:31Z","timestamp":1776710971326,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014143","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000}}],"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007472","name":"University of Kentucky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sudan virus (SUDV) has caused multiple outbreaks of human disease with case fatality rates ranging from 41 to 100%. We have previously shown that a single vaccination with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine expressing the SUDV-Gulu glycoprotein (VSV-SUDV) prevented clinical and fatal disease from lethal SUDV challenge in cynomolgus macaques. With the high probability of future outbreaks, it is critical to determine the molecular mechanisms of VSV-SUDV-mediated protection and the ability to impart rapid protection against SUDV infection. In this study, RNA from whole blood samples obtained from nine cynomolgus macaques that were challenged with SUDV-Gulu post-vaccination with either VSV-EBOV (28 days before challenge, n\u2009=\u20093) or VSV-SUDV (28 or 7 days before challenge, n\u2009=\u20093\/group) was subjected to bulk RNA sequencing. EdgeR, STEM, MaSigPro, and CIBERSORTx were used to assess longitudinal transcriptional changes elicited by vaccination and challenge. Our analysis revealed that VSV-SUDV and VSV-EBOV elicited distinct transcriptional responses. Moreover, NHPs vaccinated with VSV-EBOV (non-protective) generated a transcriptional response following SUDV challenge indicative of dysregulated inflammation. In contrast, NHPs that received VSV-SUDV vaccine generated a transcriptional response indicative of a recall adaptive immune response. Finally,\n                    <jats:italic>in-silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    deconvolution methods indicated changes in immune cell frequency consistent with immune response and resolution in the VSV-SUDV-vaccinated NHPs that are not observed with VSV-EBOV-vaccinated NHPs. These data indicate that VSV-SUDV vaccination results in a protective humoral response as late as 7 days before challenge despite transcriptional evidence of subclinical features of infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:46:56Z","timestamp":1775843216000},"page":"e1014143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptional signatures of rapid protection from Sudan virus infection by a single dose of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Brianna M.","family":"Doratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheridan B.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine C.","family":"Malherbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3203-2405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilhem","family":"Messaoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014143.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001955","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Filoviridae 2024","volume":"105","author":"N Biedenkopf","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ppat.1014143.ref002","author":"CDC","year":"2024"},{"key":"ppat.1014143.ref003","author":"WHO"},{"key":"ppat.1014143.ref004","article-title":"Vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola vaccines with improved cross-protective efficacy","author":"A Marzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1014143.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1258","article-title":"Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses","volume":"11","author":"SM Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014143.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00001-0","article-title":"Species-specific immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based Sudan virus vaccine: a challenge study in macaques","volume":"4","author":"A Marzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"17","key":"ppat.1014143.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2015.1068472","article-title":"Predictive and comparative analysis of Ebolavirus proteins","volume":"14","author":"Q Cong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014143.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003142","article-title":"One-for-one or one-for-all? 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