{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T18:19:03Z","timestamp":1778523543154,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014201","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000}}],"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"\n The potato cyst nematode\n Globodera pallida<\/jats:italic>\n poses a major threat to potato production in Western Europe. Current management strategies largely depend on the use of potato varieties carrying the genetic resistance\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n . However, reports from multiple West-European countries indicate a steady rise in virulence against\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n -containing potato varieties, raising serious concerns about\n G. pallida<\/jats:italic>\n control. Although recent studies have resolved the genetic basis of virulence in two Dutch\n G. pallida<\/jats:italic>\n populations, it remains unclear how conserved this genetic adaptation is in populations from different regions. To investigate this, we first selected eight Dutch\n G. pallida<\/jats:italic>\n populations on the\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n -containing potato variety Seresta and confirmed a previously identified virulence locus. Second, by analysing the allele frequencies of four virulence-associated SNPs in Dutch, British, and French\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n -selected\n G. pallida<\/jats:italic>\n populations, we found that the same allele is consistently selected by\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n across Western Europe. Third, we analysed the propagation of eight\n G. pallida<\/jats:italic>\n populations on 26\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n -containing potato varieties and showed that a population\u2019s allele frequency of a single SNP (T173N) accurately reflects its reproduction on\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n . Fourth, we developed an allele-specific quantitative PCR (AS-qPCR) assay to determine a population\u2019s alternative allele frequency (AAF) of T173N and showed that AS-qPCR-based AAFs reliably indicate virulence levels on\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n in Dutch and German\n G. pallida<\/jats:italic>\n populations. Together, these findings suggest that a common allele is consistently selected by\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n in populations from different regions across Western Europe. The AS-qPCR assay developed in this study provides a practical tool to estimate\n G. pallida<\/jats:italic>\n virulence on\n GpaV<\/jats:italic>\n \n vrn<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n in the field, enabling field-tailored and sustainable resistance management strategies for farmers.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:38:50Z","timestamp":1778089130000},"page":"e1014201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Globodera pallida virulence on major potato resistance has a common genetic basis across Western Europe"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2384-9907","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arno S.","family":"Schaveling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leidy","family":"van Rijt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-2838","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoonseon","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nike","family":"Soffree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daan","family":"Langendoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Room","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8993-4357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Machado","family":"Bertran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margien","family":"Raven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9462-0141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastiaan P.","family":"van Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn Y.J.","family":"van Heese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan J.S.","family":"van de Ruitenbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casper C.","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kiewnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-8686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geert","family":"Smant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-6213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Sterken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014201.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12057","article-title":"Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology","volume":"14","author":"JT Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Plant 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