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As parasites transition from the host liver to asexual and sexual blood stages, metabolic shifts of ATP generation through glycolysis or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are accompanied by change in mitochondrial number, branching complexity and development of cristae. The final step of synthesis of cardiolipin (CL), a critical phospholipid for mitochondrial biogenesis and function, is catalyzed by cardiolipin synthase (Cls).\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. carry an uncharacterized, putative bacterial-type Cls distinct from Cls of mammalian hosts. We probed enzyme activity of the phospholipase D-type recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cls. Antibodies generated against\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cls localized it to the mitochondrion in asexual blood stages; additional\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cls signal was observed in the cytosolic periphery in late-gametocytes, accompanied by CL staining in the parasite plasma membrane. To investigate the impact of Cls on parasite life cycle progression, we generated its knockout in the rodent parasite\n                    <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cls KO parasites had significantly impaired asexual blood-stage proliferation associated with lower abundance of CL molecular species. They showed a marked reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and basal oxygen consumption rate. While\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cls-deficient parasites completed development within the mosquito and generated sporozoites capable of hepatocyte invasion, they exhibited a severe defect in liver-stage maturation.\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cls is thus a vital component of malaria parasite development with a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:47:56Z","timestamp":1778521676000},"page":"e1014215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A bacterial-type cardiolipin synthase in Plasmodium spp. supports mitochondrial respiration and is important for liver stage maturation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Karavadra Asha","family":"Adhur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirdosh","family":"Nirdosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Chandramouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarnali","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Lahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhesh Shashikant","family":"Kamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9378-7786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saman","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014215.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00255-07","article-title":"Make it or take it: fatty acid metabolism of apicomplexan parasites","volume":"6","author":"J Mazumdar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"45","key":"ppat.1014215.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17308","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R118.003213","article-title":"Role of phospholipid synthesis in the 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