{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T19:08:45Z","timestamp":1784833725276,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019184","name":"Biodiversa+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019184","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001589","name":"Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-NC-MS-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-NC-MS-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["749312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["749312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"INRA Metaprogram MEM Hantagulumic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Invasive species can disrupt native epidemiological processes, potentially leading to the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. The relatively recent appearance and spread of the bank vole (\n                    <jats:italic>Clethrionomys glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in Ireland provides a unique model system to study these phenomena. The depauperate small mammal community in Ireland, combined with baseline data, allows us to identify the invasion gradient of\n                    <jats:italic>C. glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its effects on rodent-borne pathogens over time. A total of 498\n                    <jats:italic>C. glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 584\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus sylvaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were sampled, via removal trapping, across nine sites in Ireland in 2016 and 2017, with six sites revisited in 2021 and 2022. 16S rRNA metabarcoding identified 10 putative pathogenic Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in these rodents, relating to four bacterial taxa,\n                    <jats:italic>Bartonella spp., Mycoplasma coccoides, Mycoplasma haemomuris and Mycoplasma penetrans,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and one family of protozoans, Sarcocystidae. Several epidemiological processes were found to be correlated with the\n                    <jats:italic>C. glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion; firstly,\n                    <jats:italic>C. glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Ireland exhibited patterns consistent with the enemy release hypothesis, compared to native populations in France, and the native\n                    <jats:italic>A. sylvaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Ireland. Secondly, a potential dilution effect, with reduced prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>M. haemomuris<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>A. sylvaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the\n                    <jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion core compared to the invasion front, was observed\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Finally,\n                    <jats:italic>C. glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    had increased prevalence of Sarcocystidae at the invasion front when compared to the invasion core, depending on the time and stage of invasion. These findings further our understanding of pathogen dynamics during biological invasions, demonstrating that invaders affect native host-pathogen communities differently as they advance through various stages of establishment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:53:40Z","timestamp":1784832820000},"page":"e1014349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal study of a rodent invasion reveals shifts in host pathogen interactions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"McManus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Charbonnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Sluydts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annetta","family":"Zintl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2313-8849","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7181","key":"ppat.1014349.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"KE Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref002","first-page":"8","article-title":"Human Monkeypox: Current State of Knowledge and Implications for the Future","volume":"1","author":"K Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref003","article-title":"COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don\u2019t","author":"JS Mackenzie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol Aust"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1014349.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13586","article-title":"Was the COVID-19 pandemic avoidable? A call for a \u201csolution-oriented\u201d approach in pathogen evolutionary ecology to prevent future outbreaks","volume":"23","author":"B Roche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16030","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72539-w","article-title":"Antibodies from Sierra Leonean and Nigerian Lassa fever survivors cross-react with recombinant proteins representing Lassa viruses of divergent lineages","volume":"10","author":"ML Heinrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15212\/ZOONOSES-2021-0028","article-title":"The Animal Origin of Major Human Infectious Diseases: What Can Past Epidemics Teach Us About Preventing the Next Pandemic?","volume":"2","author":"G Dharmarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zoonoses"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102392","article-title":"Emergence of monkeypox: Risk assessment and containment measures","volume":"49","author":"Priyanka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5452","key":"ppat.1014349.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife--threats to biodiversity and human health","volume":"287","author":"P Daszak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-00605-090105","article-title":"Gal\u00e1pagos Birds and Diseases: Invasive Pathogens as Threats for Island Species","volume":"9","author":"M Wikelski","year":"2004","journal-title":"E&S"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014349.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02897701","article-title":"Disease ecology and the global emergence of zoonotic pathogens","volume":"10","author":"BA Wilcox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014349.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.02031.x","article-title":"Disease emergence and invasions","volume":"26","author":"MJ Hatcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Funct Ecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014349.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13166","article-title":"Macroimmunology: The drivers and consequences of spatial patterns in wildlife immune defence","volume":"89","author":"DJ Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref013","author":"ES Brond\u00edzio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014349.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13539","article-title":"When to vaccinate a fluctuating wildlife population: Is timing everything?","volume":"57","author":"CL Schreiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014349.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.06.004","article-title":"Invasive mammalian wildlife and the risk of zoonotic parasites","volume":"39","author":"MA Bezerra-Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"7943","key":"ppat.1014349.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05506-2","article-title":"Pathogen spillover driven by rapid changes in bat ecology","volume":"613","author":"P Eby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014349.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2006.09.006","article-title":"The American mink in Europe: Status, impacts, and control","volume":"134","author":"L Bonesi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014349.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-018-1535-9","article-title":"Is the raccoon (Procyon lotor) out of control in Europe?","volume":"27","author":"I Salgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biodiversity and Conservation"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014349.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02499-0","article-title":"Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis","volume":"17","author":"R Keane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"issue":"6923","key":"ppat.1014349.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01346","article-title":"Introduced species and their missing parasites","volume":"421","author":"ME Torchin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014349.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.07.012","article-title":"A role for immunology in invasion biology","volume":"19","author":"KA Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1014349.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12406","article-title":"Eco-immunology and bioinvasion: revisiting the evolution of increased competitive ability hypotheses","volume":"9","author":"S Cornet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014349.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2016.05.005","article-title":"Reduced helminth parasitism in the introduced bank vole (Myodes glareolus): More parasites lost than gained","volume":"5","author":"KC Loxton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14995","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14880-1","article-title":"Ecological and sanitary impacts of bacterial communities associated to biological invasions in African commensal rodent communities","volume":"7","author":"C Diagne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1014349.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.008","article-title":"Parasite Ecology of Invasive Species: Conceptual Framework and New Hypotheses","volume":"34","author":"K Chalkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014349.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.12.003","article-title":"Parasites and biological invasions: parallels, interactions, and control","volume":"31","author":"AM Dunn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014349.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[0609:BATDEI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Biodiversity and the dilution effect in disease ecology","volume":"82","author":"KA Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1014349.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-020-02253-1","article-title":"Invasive freshwater fish (Leuciscus leuciscus) acts as a sink for a parasite of native brown trout Salmo trutta","volume":"22","author":"PA Tierney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1014349.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13875","article-title":"Dilution effects in disease ecology","volume":"24","author":"F Keesing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1014349.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1890\/08-1085.1","article-title":"Parasite spillback: a neglected concept in invasion ecology?","volume":"90","author":"DW Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1014349.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000981","article-title":"Parasite dynamics in an invaded ecosystem: helminth communities of native wood mice are impacted by the invasive bank vole","volume":"144","author":"KC Loxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14935","article-title":"Economic costs of invasive rodents worldwide: the tip of the iceberg","volume":"11","author":"C Diagne","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014349.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410902989837","article-title":"Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health","volume":"35","author":"BG Meerburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014349.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04938.x","article-title":"Wild immunology","volume":"20","author":"AB Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ppat.1014349.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7039","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501598112","article-title":"Rodent reservoirs of future zoonotic diseases","volume":"112","author":"BA Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014349.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12180","article-title":"Immunology in wild nonmodel rodents: an ecological context for studies of health and disease","volume":"37","author":"JA Jackson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014349.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092529","article-title":"The Invasive Bank Vole (Myodes glareolus): A Model System for Studying Parasites and Ecoimmunology during a Biological Invasion","volume":"11","author":"A McManus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014349.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-020-02304-7","article-title":"Association between temporal patterns in helminth assemblages and successful range expansion of exotic Mus musculus domesticus in Senegal","volume":"22","author":"C Diagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014349.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.11.003","article-title":"The hidden faces of a biological invasion: parasite dynamics of invaders and natives","volume":"50","author":"P Stuart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref040","volume-title":"Ireland Red List No. 12: Terrestrial Mammals","author":"F Marnell","year":"2019"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref041","first-page":"440","article-title":"The origin of Irish bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus assessed by mitochondrial DNA analysis","author":"P Stuart","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Irish Naturalists\u2019 Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014349.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-012-0225-x","article-title":"Range expansion in an invasive small mammal: influence of life-history and habitat quality","volume":"14","author":"TA White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014349.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-011-0142-4","article-title":"\u2018Invasional meltdown\u2019: evidence for unexpected consequences and cumulative impacts of multispecies invasions","volume":"14","author":"WI Montgomery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1014349.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003929","article-title":"A Comparison between Transcriptome Sequencing and 16S Metagenomics for Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Wildlife","volume":"9","author":"M Razzauti","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014349.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003799","article-title":"A longitudinal study of an endemic disease in its wildlife reservoir: cowpox and wild rodents","volume":"124","author":"SM Hazel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014349.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.305","article-title":"Fluctuating rodent populations and risk to humans from rodent-borne zoonoses","volume":"5","author":"S Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014349.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12012","article-title":"The ecoimmunology of invasive species","volume":"26","author":"TA White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014349.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00032-16","article-title":"16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing for Epidemiological Surveys of Bacteria in Wildlife","volume":"1","author":"M Galan","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.24072\/pcjournal.243","article-title":"Three-way relationships between gut microbiota, helminth assemblages and bacterial infections in wild rodent populations","volume":"3","author":"M Bouilloud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Peer Community Journal"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008605","article-title":"Variation in the helminth community structure in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from three comparable localities in the Mazury Lake District region of Poland","volume":"123","author":"JM Behnke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref051","article-title":"Pathogen community composition and co-infection patterns in a wild community of rodents","author":"JL Abbate","year":"2024","journal-title":"Peer Community Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr771","article-title":"Double indexing overcomes inaccuracies in multiplex sequencing on the Illumina platform","volume":"40","author":"M Kircher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref053","volume-title":"Plyr 1.8.8 R package","author":"H Wickham","year":"2022"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref054","volume-title":"GGplot2 3.4.3 R package","author":"H Wickham","year":"2023"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref055","volume-title":"PropCIs R package","author":"R Scherer","year":"2018"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.10.e95214","article-title":"Small terrestrial mammals (Rodentia and Soricomorpha) along a gradient of forest anthropisation (reserves, managed forests, urban parks) in France","volume":"10","author":"J Pradel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biodivers Data J"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref057","author":"M Brooks","year":"2023"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref058","volume-title":"MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference","author":"K Barto\u0144","year":"2023"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref059","volume-title":"DHARMa 0.4.6 R package","author":"F Hartig","year":"2022"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref060","volume-title":"Performance 0.10.4 R package","author":"D L\u00fcdecke","year":"2023"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref061","author":"A Dinno","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014349.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2004.apm1120603.x","article-title":"Identification of Bartonella species in rodents, shrews and cats in Denmark: detection of two B. henselae variants, one in cats and the other in the long-tailed field mouse","volume":"112","author":"K Engbaek","year":"2004","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014349.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1968.11686569","article-title":"The effect of Eperythrozoon coccoides infection in mice on super-imposed Plasmodium chabaudi and Semliki Forest Virus infections","volume":"62","author":"A Voller","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014349.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.9.3916-3921.1994","article-title":"Induced mouse spleen B-cell proliferation and secretion of immunoglobulin by lipid-associated membrane proteins of Mycoplasma fermentans incognitus and Mycoplasma penetrans","volume":"62","author":"SH Feng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.069856-0","article-title":"Proposal for \u201cCandidatus Mycoplasma haemomuris subsp. musculi\u201d in mice, and \u201cCandidatus Mycoplasma haemomuris subsp. ratti\u201d in rats","volume":"65","author":"R Harasawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014349.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3236","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13932","article-title":"Worldwide occurrence of haemoplasmas in wildlife: Insights into the patterns of infection, transmission, pathology and zoonotic potential","volume":"68","author":"J Mill\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014349.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02848.x","article-title":"The Sarcocystidae: Sarcocystis, Frenkelia, Toxoplasma, Besnoitia, Hammondia, and Cystoisospora","volume":"28","author":"DD Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Journal of Protozoology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.2012346","article-title":"The pathogenicity and virulence of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"12","author":"SG Sanchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1014349.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071278","article-title":"Hemotrophic Mycoplasmas-Vector Transmission in Livestock","volume":"12","author":"M Arendt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"9","key":"ppat.1014349.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006233700194","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents in a recreational park in south-western Ireland","volume":"23","author":"JS Gray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014349.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007642908546","article-title":"Limited role of rodents as reservoirs of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ireland","volume":"16","author":"JS Gray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005007250","article-title":"Disruption of a host-parasite system following the introduction of an exotic host species","volume":"130","author":"S Telfer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102221","article-title":"Presence and identity of Babesia microti in Ireland","author":"A Zintl","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014349.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1086\/393500","article-title":"The diversity of parasites","volume":"75","author":"R Poulin","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Quarterly Review of Biology"},{"issue":"1829","key":"ppat.1014349.ref075","first-page":"20160102","article-title":"Maintenance of biodiversity on islands","volume":"283","author":"RA Chisholm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-017-0084-y","article-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne diseases in Ireland","volume":"70","author":"A Zintl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ir Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014349.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2019.01.007","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne diseases","volume":"49","author":"N Boulanger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1014349.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007360422975","article-title":"The distribution and prevalence of B. burgdorferi genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Ireland","volume":"13","author":"F Kirstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014349.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101518","article-title":"Update on the presence of Ixodes ricinus at the western limit of its range and the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato","volume":"11","author":"A Zintl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014349.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101928","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes in Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from farm- and woodland sites in Ireland","volume":"13","author":"A Flattery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1014349.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00616.x","article-title":"Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis?","volume":"7","author":"RI Colautti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"issue":"2003","key":"ppat.1014349.ref082","first-page":"20230823","article-title":"The timid invasion: behavioural adjustments and range expansion in a non-native rodent","volume":"290","author":"JA Eccard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"ppat.1014349.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12343","article-title":"Adaptive evolution during an ongoing range expansion: the invasive bank vole (Myodes glareolus) in Ireland","volume":"22","author":"TA White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref084","author":"M Bouilloud","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2183","key":"ppat.1014349.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.84.2183.397.a","article-title":"The insect vector for the natural transmission of eperythrozoon coccoides in mice","volume":"84","author":"CP Eliot","year":"1936","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014349.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2307\/3274543","article-title":"The mechanism of transmission of Haemobartonella muris (Mayer) of rats by the spined rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister)","volume":"44","author":"MM Crystal","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ppat.1014349.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14329","article-title":"A mechanistic framework of enemy release","volume":"26","author":"JI Brian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014349.ref088","first-page":"363","article-title":"The mammal ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) of Ireland: their distribution and hosts","volume":"26","author":"TC Kelly","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Irish Naturalists\u2019 Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014349.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.2307\/5094","article-title":"Population Dynamics of Common and Rare Helminths in Cyclic Vole Populations","volume":"57","author":"V Haukisalmi","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Animal Ecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014349.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00667.x","article-title":"Dynamics of intestinal coccidia in peak density Microtus agrestis, Microtus oeconomus and Clethrionomus glareolus populations in Finland","volume":"21","author":"J Laakkonen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"ppat.1014349.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21323","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21323","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of Puumala hantavirus infection in cyclic populations of bank voles","volume":"6","author":"L Voutilainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["PLOS Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:53:54Z","timestamp":1784832834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014349"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Debra E","family":"Bessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-7374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-7374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}}}