{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:05:10Z","timestamp":1784570710411,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014423","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000}}],"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-19-CE35-0004 ArboVec"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE35-0004 ArboVec"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["AI145999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI145999"]}]},{"name":"French Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence \u201cIntegrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases\u201d","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cellular G3BP proteins are essential for alphavirus infection in both vertebrate and mosquito hosts, but the underlying mechanism of their proviral activity is poorly understood in any host. Whether the mosquito G3BP ortholog, Rasputin (\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), interacts with host immunity to influence alphavirus infection has not been investigated, and anopheline mosquito interactions with arboviruses have been little studied. Here, we find that\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    silencing in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes results in decreased ONNV infection levels, indicating a proviral activity for\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We find that\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    function is required to maintain basal activity of the antiviral Imd and JAK\/STAT pathways in uninfected mosquitoes. However, during ONNV infection, the control of the Imd pathway by\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity appears corrupted because\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    silencing leads to overexpression of the Imd positive regulator,\n                    <jats:italic>Rel2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thus, silencing of\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    both augments\n                    <jats:italic>Rel2<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcript abundance and decreases ONNV load. Co-silencing of\n                    <jats:italic>Rel2<\/jats:italic>\n                    with\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    restores normal ONNV infection levels, indicating that\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity is required to inhibit Imd function during ONNV infection, and which explains most of the\n                    <jats:italic>Rin<\/jats:italic>\n                    proviral phenotype. In addition, we show that the ONNV non-structural protein 3 (nsP3), which binds to Rin, strongly alters the pattern of\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    cellular protein partners interacting with Rin. In the presence of ONNV nsP3, 48 Rin-binding host proteins are unchanged but seven binding proteins are excluded and eight new cellular proteins bind Rin. The altered cellular protein partners are candidate host factors involved in viral subversion of Rin control over Imd activity. Overall, these results reveal a molecular mechanism in which ONNV, probably through nsP3, co-opts the normal Rin function for basal cellular immune activity by subverting the Imd antiviral pathway to promote infection. These results may be generalizable for Rin function during alphavirus infection of other mosquitoes, as well as for G3BP function in the mammalian host, and could offer a target for development of vector-based genetic control tools against arbovirus transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:39:06Z","timestamp":1784050746000},"page":"e1014423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rasputin\/G3BP mediates subversion of antiviral immunity by o\u2019nyong-nyong virus in Anopheles coluzzii"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sol\u00e8ne","family":"Cottis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien A.","family":"Blisnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Brito-Fravallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariette","family":"Matondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4336-312X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Vernick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Bella","family":"Failloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1014423.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.008","article-title":"Present and future arboviral threats","volume":"85","author":"SC Weaver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"ppat.1014423.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10118","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.21.10118-10131.2001","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses","volume":"75","author":"AM Powers","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014423.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2017.1355431","article-title":"O\u2019nyong-nyong fever: A neglected mosquito-borne viral disease","volume":"111","author":"G Rezza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"ppat.1014423.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104611","article-title":"GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o\u2019nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 2: Epidemiological distribution of o\u2019nyong-nyong virus","volume":"172","author":"L Pezzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014423.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030589","article-title":"Determinants of chikungunya and O\u2019nyong-nyong virus specificity for infection of aedes and anopheles mosquito vectors","volume":"15","author":"S Cottis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"ppat.1014423.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0031","article-title":"Detection, isolation, and genetic characterization of Rift Valley fever virus from Anopheles (Anopheles) coustani, Anopheles (Anopheles) squamosus, and Culex (Culex) antennatus of the Haute Matsiatra region, Madagascar","volume":"11","author":"J Ratovonjato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014423.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050222","article-title":"A systematic review of the natural virome of anopheles mosquitoes","volume":"10","author":"F Nanfack Minkeu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"10","key":"ppat.1014423.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00439-14","article-title":"The C-terminal repeat domains of nsP3 from the Old World alphaviruses bind directly to G3BP","volume":"88","author":"MD Panas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ppat.1014423.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2018.09.001","article-title":"Rasputin a decade on and more promiscuous than ever? 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