{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:06:15Z","timestamp":1784657175321,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014427","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000}}],"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["No. 2022YFD1800400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022YFD1800400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mobile colistin resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes compromise the efficacy of last-resort polymyxin antibiotics. Notably, the global prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    has continued to increase despite reductions in colistin use, suggesting that selective forces beyond direct antibiotic pressure contribute to its persistence. Here,\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is shown to confer a survival advantage by reprogramming macrophage immunity. MCR-3-mediated lipid A modification blunted TLR4-NF-\u03baB signaling, suppressed macrophage reactive oxygen species generation, and delayed phagosome-lysosome fusion, allowing\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive strains to evade intracellular killing. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed extensive immunometabolic rewiring in infected macrophages, including altered glycerophospholipid and energy metabolism. Consistently,\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhanced bacterial tolerance to ferrous iron stress, likely mitigating host-induced ferroptotic damage. In a mouse co-infection model,\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive strains outcompeted isogenic negative strains under antibiotic treatment without differing in\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    susceptibility, indicating that immune evasion rather than intrinsic drug resistance alone drives their competitive advantage. These findings reveal a dual mechanism where\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    confers both antimicrobial resistance and immune suppression, enabling persistence under antibiotic pressure and highlighting the threat of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    dissemination independent of polymyxin use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:37:16Z","timestamp":1784050636000},"page":"e1014427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macrophage-mediated antibiotic evasion and competitive dominance of mcr-3-carrying Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenguang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yina","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leiming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6396-8949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanjun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ppat.1014427.ref001","article-title":"Antibiotic 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