{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:00:15Z","timestamp":1790704815888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation \u2013 Flanders","award":["1S74321N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S74321N"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qtxy027","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation \u2013 Flanders","award":["G067823N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G067823N"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qtxy027","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Malariology Unit"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000803","name":"Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation - EuropeAid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA4\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA4\/5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000803","name":"Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation - EuropeAid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA4\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA4\/5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Malaria transmission relies on the differentiation of asexual parasites into gametocytes, a process initiated by sexual conversion (SC). Mutations in the host hemoglobin beta (HBB) gene are known to influence parasite growth and disease outcome, yet their impact on SC remains unclear. We investigated the effect of HBB mutant genotypes on\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) SC and humoral immunity in individuals from Nanoro, Burkina Faso. To measure SC rates in natural human malaria infections, we developed a new\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    SC assay (\n                    <jats:italic>ev<\/jats:italic>\n                    SCA). We found that in human natural\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections, SC rates were higher in individuals with HbAS or HbAC than in individuals with wild-type HBB (HbAA). Consistently, using an\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    SC assay (\n                    <jats:italic>iv<\/jats:italic>\n                    SCA) based on the NF54-\n                    <jats:italic>gexp02-Tom<\/jats:italic>\n                    reporter line we found that cultures grown in HbAS red blood cells (RBCs) had higher SC rates than those grown in HbAA RBCs. Furthermore, IgG and IgM responses against trophozoite- and stage I gametocyte-infected RBC antigens, quantified by flow cytometry, did not differ between plasma from individuals with different HBB genotypes. These results demonstrate that exposure to RBCs with HBB mutations enhances SC, highlighting a host-genetic factor that may influence malaria transmission potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:22:30Z","timestamp":1790702550000},"page":"e1014542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion in HbAC and HbAS red blood cells in naturally infected malaria patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7390-097X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasmina","family":"Drissi-El Boukili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]},{"name":"University of Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"K\u00fchne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Magloire","family":"Natama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9","place":["Nanoro, Burkina Faso"],"department":["Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Moris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Tint\u00f3-Font","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal","place":["Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8970-9256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonia Windkouni","family":"Bere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]},{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9","place":["Nanoro, Burkina Faso"],"department":["Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Joseph Ki-Zerbo","place":["Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"],"department":["Laboratoire de Biochimie et d\u2019Immunologie Appliqu\u00e9es (LaBIA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odin","family":"Goovaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Clinical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Guetens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Moreno-Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarno","family":"Valgaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Edwig","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9","place":["Nanoro, Burkina Faso"],"department":["Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Florence","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9","place":["Nanoro, Burkina Faso"],"department":["Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halidou","family":"Tinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9","place":["Nanoro, Burkina Faso"],"department":["Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen (UZA)","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Hematology and Hemostasis Unit"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal","place":["Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"]},{"name":"ICREA","place":["Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Caljon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0432-5203","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Rosanas-Urgell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"],"department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1014542.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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