{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:38:25Z","timestamp":1792607905585,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JJ3025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ3025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China\u2013Gates Foundation Joint Project","award":["82561128255, 2025MVIP04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82561128255, 2025MVIP04"]}]},{"name":"the Hunan Provincial Innovation & Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["S202410542227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202410542227"]}]},{"name":"the Hunan Normal University Innovation & Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students","award":["2024292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024292"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    endosymbionts confer broad-spectrum resistance to mosquito-borne viruses. While the antiviral metabolites in\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been identified during viral replication, the core metabolic gene underlying this defense across the entire viral infection cycle remains undefined. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    strongly suppressed the emerging alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, extending its known antiviral spectrum. Transcriptomic and functional analyses revealed ATP synthase beta subunit 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>ATPS\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as a key metabolic hub hijacked by both MBV and the symbiont. Without\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    symbiosis, dengue virus and VEEV induced ATPS\u03b21 to promote viral binding via the viral envelope protein and increased intracellular ATP production for viral replication. Conversely,\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    overrode\n                    <jats:italic>ATPS\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated viral binding and redirected\n                    <jats:italic>ATPS\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                    -driven ATP synthesis to fuel its proliferation, strengthening antiviral activity. Pharmacologically, adenosine increased\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia w<\/jats:italic>\n                    AlbB density and potently suppressed viral infection in\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells. Oligomycin reduced intracellular ATP and inhibited viral infection in\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -free\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells. Collectively,\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    repurposes dual-functional\n                    <jats:italic>ATPS\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which governs MBV binding and replication, into a potent antiviral effector through a metabolic tug-of-war over host ATP during symbiont-virus competition. Moreover, we highlight interventions targeting the\n                    <jats:italic>ATPS\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                    -driven metabolism as promising strategies to curb MBV transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1014692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:48:13Z","timestamp":1792604893000},"page":"e1014692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wolbachia outcompetes mosquito-borne viruses by reprogramming host ATPS\u03b21-driven ATP metabolism toward symbiotic proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Forensic Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology","place":["Zibo, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Medical University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juntao","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Wolbaki Biotech Co., Ltd.","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meichun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases","place":["Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University","place":["East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Microbiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4726-5095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center","place":["Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China"],"department":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014692.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0376-y","article-title":"Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus","volume":"4","author":"MUG Kraemer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"6766","key":"ppat.1014692.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ads3732","article-title":"1206 genomes reveal origin and movement of Aedes aegypti driving increased dengue risk","volume":"389","author":"JE Crawford","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1014692.ref003","article-title":"Projecting the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in a warmer and more populated world: a multi-model, multi-scenario intercomparison modelling 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enhance resistance to dengue virus in Aedes aegypti","volume":"20","author":"L She","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"7882","key":"ppat.1014692.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03909-1","article-title":"Structure of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus with its receptor LDLRAD3","volume":"598","author":"B Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"14","key":"ppat.1014692.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3014.240182","article-title":"Characteristics of Madariaga and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infections, Panama","volume":"30","author":"LF Rivera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ppat.1014692.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01563-21","article-title":"Novel Symbiotic Genome-Scale Model Reveals Wolbachia\u2019s Arboviral Pathogen Blocking Mechanism in Aedes aegypti","volume":"12","author":"NE 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