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One important system that maintains species boundaries in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the mismatch repair pathway, which blocks recombination between divergent DNA sequences. Previous studies illuminated the role of the mismatch repair component Msh2 in blocking genetic recombination between divergent DNA during meiosis. Loss of Msh2 results in increased interspecific genetic recombination in bacterial and yeast models, and increased viability of progeny derived from yeast hybrid crosses. Hybrid isolates of two pathogenic fungal\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species,\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus deneoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are isolated regularly from both clinical and environmental sources. In the present study, we sought to determine if loss of Msh2 would relax the species boundary between\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>deneoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We found that crosses between these two species in which both parents lack Msh2 produced hybrid progeny with increased viability and high levels of aneuploidy. Whole-genome sequencing revealed few instances of recombination among hybrid progeny and did not identify increased levels of recombination in progeny derived from parents lacking Msh2. Several hybrid progeny produced structures associated with sexual reproduction when incubated alone on nutrient-rich medium in light, a novel phenotype in\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings represent a unique, unexpected case where rendering the mismatch repair system defective did not result in increased meiotic recombination across a species boundary. This suggests that alternative pathways or other mismatch repair components limit meiotic recombination between homeologous DNA and enforce species boundaries in the basidiomycete\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T13:49:54Z","timestamp":1611064194000},"page":"e1008871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Factors enforcing the species boundary between the human pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus deneoformans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-167X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shelby J.","family":"Priest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-0561","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6669-0161","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Mix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shelly Applen","family":"Clancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8392-8610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yitong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2895-1153","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0019-1735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Toni","family":"Gabald\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6369-5995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph","family":"Heitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgen.1008871.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[0371:NHHLCY]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Natural hybridization: how low can you go and still be 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