{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:59:46Z","timestamp":1790618386589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["227167\/A\/23\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["227167\/A\/23\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["227167\/A\/23\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["227167\/A\/23\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. National Institutes of Health","award":["P30AI060354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI060354"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fogarty International Center of the U.S. National Institutes of Health","award":["K43TW012862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K43TW012862"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosglobalpublichealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Glob Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec101\">\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has extended the lifespan of people living with HIV (PWH), resulting in a growing burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) associated with chronic HIV infection and the effects of ART. Physical activity (PA) may reduce CMD risk while improving psychosocial health among PWH. We systematically reviewed the efficacy of PA interventions for improving cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes among PWH in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Web of Science, PubMed, African Index Medicus, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 10 August 2023 for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published from 2000 onwards involving adults with HIV in sSA. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Downs and Black checklist, and findings were synthesised narratively. Seventeen studies involving 1,130 participants met the inclusion criteria and generally demonstrated good methodological quality. Most participants were female (51%), and all studies included PWH receiving ART. Interventions included aerobic exercise (n\u2009=\u20098), resistance exercise (n\u2009=\u20093), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (n\u2009=\u20095), while one study did not report exercise modality. Intervention durations ranged from 6 weeks to 12 months. Nearly all studies reported improvements in cardiometabolic outcomes, including blood pressure, lipids, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference, and\/or psychosocial outcomes, including depression, anxiety, self-efficacy and quality of life. Two studies assessing PA outcomes reported significant improvements in step count and metabolic equivalents per week. Limitations included small sample sizes and generally short post-intervention follow-up, limiting assessment of sustained benefits and cardiovascular events. PA interventions may therefore be a valuable addition to standard HIV care in sSA. Future research should identify optimal exercise modalities, duration, and intensity and develop feasible, context-sensitive, scalable interventions, particularly for resource-constrained and underserved populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42021271937<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:22:04Z","timestamp":1790616124000},"page":"e0007070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical activity interventions for cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes in people living with HIV in sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5144-8863","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Smart Z.","family":"Mabweazara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Health Research Institute","place":["KwaZulu Natal, South Africa"],"department":["Department of Clinical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Manne-Goehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Harvard University","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America"]},{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London","place":["London, United Kingdom"],"department":["Division of Surgery and Interventional Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Cellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Harvard University","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-6395","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takshita","family":"Sookan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Leisure Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal","place":["KwaZulu Natal, South Africa"],"department":["Department of Biokinetics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Micklesfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-842X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark J.","family":"Siedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Health Research Institute","place":["KwaZulu Natal, South Africa"],"department":["Department of Clinical Science"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Harvard University","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America"]},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council\/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand","place":["Johannesburg, South Africa"],"department":["Department of Paediatrics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref001","unstructured":"JC3032 AIDS Data Book 2021. https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/JC3032_AIDS_Data_book_2021_En.pdf. Accessed 2023 January 18."},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02186-5","article-title":"Characteristics and efficacy of physical activity interventions to improve cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"SZ Mabweazara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2714-1","article-title":"Health related quality of life of HIV\/AIDS patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy at a university referral hospital in Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"AS Surur","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0007070.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7954","article-title":"Comparison of overall and comorbidity-free life expectancy between insured adults with and without HIV infection, 2000-2016","volume":"3","author":"JL Marcus","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.10.030","article-title":"Patterns of Cardiovascular Mortality for HIV-Infected Adults in the United States: 1999 to 2013","volume":"117","author":"MJ Feinstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0007070.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259483","article-title":"Correction: Associations of gamma-glutamyl transferase with cardio-metabolic diseases in people living with HIV infection in South Africa","volume":"16","author":"KA Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067788","article-title":"Identifying the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity in middle-aged men and women: a cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries","volume":"13","author":"LK Micklesfield","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"pgph.0007070.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab552","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk and Health Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Eligible for Primary Prevention: Insights From the REPRIEVE Trial","volume":"73","author":"PS Douglas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0007070.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902824","article-title":"Dolutegravir plus two different prodrugs of tenofovir to treat HIV","volume":"381","author":"WDF Venter","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2998","article-title":"The effect of physical activity on cardiometabolic health and inflammation in treated HIV infection","volume":"21","author":"S Dirajlal-Fargo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7925","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2019.7925","article-title":"Strength training improves body composition, muscle strength and increases CD4 T lymphocyte levels in people living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"11","author":"de Brito-Neto JG","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0007070.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.16.06294-0","article-title":"Does nonlinear resistance training reduce metabolic syndrome in people living with HIV? A randomized clinical trial","volume":"57","author":"HR Zanetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007070.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836212.106","article-title":"Blood pressure responses after resistance exercise session in women living with human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"14","author":"WJR Domingues","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0007070.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0027","article-title":"Physical Activity and Its Association with Insulin Resistance in Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Men","volume":"31","author":"AK Monroe","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2342-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of Progressive Resistive Exercise (PRE) in the context of HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol","volume":"17","author":"KK O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1478-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of aerobic exercise for adults living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol","volume":"16","author":"KK O\u2019Brien","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0007070.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.16.06234-4","article-title":"Effects of physical training for people with HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"RE Pedro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3960-0","article-title":"Effects of physical exercises on inflammatory biomarkers and cardiopulmonary function in patients living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"SC Ibeneme","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pgph.0007070.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138066","article-title":"Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Exercise Capacity, Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"M Gomes Neto","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2019.109823","article-title":"Effects of exercise on depression and anxiety in persons living with HIV: A meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"A Heissel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007070.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395317694224","article-title":"Exercise and mental health of people living with HIV: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"S Nosrat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronic Illn"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref022","unstructured":"Moeti M. Over 30 Years of HIV in Africa: What We\u2019ve Learned and the Road Ahead. 2015. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/regional-director\/regional-director-commentaries\/over-30-years-hiv-africa-what-weve-learned-and#:~:text=Progress%20over%20the%20past%20fifteen,compared%20with%2011%2C000%20in%202000"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref023","article-title":"Scale-up of HIV treatment through PEPFAR: a historic public health achievement","author":"WM El-Sadr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref024","article-title":"Quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS and antiretroviral therapy","volume":"117","author":"O Oguntibeju","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010428","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.010428","article-title":"HIV and the growing health burden from noncommunicable diseases in Botswana: modelling study","volume":"9","author":"M Haacker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.12.0048","article-title":"The new epidemic of non-communicable disease in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"3","author":"R Dawson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0007070.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.019075","article-title":"Chronic noncommunicable diseases and HIV-AIDS on a collision course: relevance for health care delivery, particularly in low-resource settings--insights from South Africa","volume":"94","author":"NS Levitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref028","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS statistics \u2014 Fact sheet [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jan 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref029","unstructured":"Human Sciences Research Council. HSRC study finds that almost 50% of adult South Africans are overweight or obese. https:\/\/hsrc.ac.za\/news\/research-outputs\/almost-50-of-adult-south-africans-are-overweight-or-obese-poverty-and-poor-nutrition-are-largely-to-blame\/. 2024."},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-40","article-title":"Physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents in rural South Africa: levels, patterns and correlates","volume":"14","author":"LK Micklesfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12433","article-title":"Obesity and the nutrition transition in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"1311","author":"NP Steyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0007070.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref033","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0007070.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00131-0","article-title":"The Delphi List","volume":"51","author":"AP Verhagen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007070.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"H Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2019","edition":"1"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref037","article-title":"Grey literature in meta-analyses of randomized trials of health care interventions","volume":"2007","author":"S Hopewell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref038","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0007070.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.8.713","article-title":"Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials","volume":"83","author":"CG Maher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.03.002","article-title":"The PEDro scale had acceptably high convergent validity, construct validity, and interrater reliability in evaluating methodological quality of pharmaceutical trials","volume":"86","author":"TP Yamato","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0007070.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","article-title":"The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions","volume":"52","author":"SH Downs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-001","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration and low-vision rehabilitation: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"P Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1499-6_2","article-title":"Methodological approach to assessing the evidence.","volume-title":"Reducing racial\/ethnic disparities in reproductive and perinatal outcomes","author":"J. Kennelly","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v75i1.1328","article-title":"The effects of a physiotherapist-led exercise intervention on peripheral neuropathy among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Kigali, Rwanda","volume":"75","author":"DK Tumusiime","year":"2019","journal-title":"S Afr J Physiother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2007.0023","article-title":"Exercise training reduces central adiposity and improves metabolic indices in HAART-treated HIV-positive subjects in Rwanda: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"E Mutimura","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0007070.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1125418","article-title":"The effects of progressive-resisted exercises on muscle strength and health-related quality of life in persons with HIV-related poly-neuropathy in Zimbabwe","volume":"28","author":"K Mkandla","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0007070.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.141414","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular parameters and CD4 cell count of people living with human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"CI Ezema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.21786\/bbrc\/14.2.32","article-title":"Assessment of progressive resistance exercise training on CD4 count and weight of people with HIV\/AIDS in a university teaching hospital, Ebonyi State Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"EA Ijego","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosc Biotech Res Comm"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601509010089","article-title":"Effect of Different Types of Exercise in HIV Mozambican Women Using Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"9","author":"L Mangona","year":"2015","journal-title":"TOAIDJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-020-00658-y","article-title":"Effects of a resistance training programme in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe","author":"V Mbayo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sport Sci Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0007070.ref051","first-page":"508","article-title":"Effect of Aerobic Exercise on CD4 Cell Count and Lipid Profile of HIV Infected Persons in North Eastern Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"M Sm","year":"2015","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref052","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effects of Aerobic Exercise on the Pulmonary Functions, Respiratory Symptoms and Psychological Status of People Living With HIV","volume":"16","author":"HA Aweto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref053","first-page":"133","article-title":"The impact of a therapeutic exercise intervention on depression and body self-image in HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"10","author":"AK Daniels","year":"2018","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1470309","article-title":"A six week contextualised physical activity intervention for women living with HIV and AIDS of low socioeconomic status: a pilot study","volume":"30","author":"SZ Mabweazara","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref055","article-title":"Aerobic exercise improves quality of life and CD4 cell counts in HIV seropositives in Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"SM Maduagwu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Health Vent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pgph.0007070.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e32834d2bab","article-title":"Rehabilitation program for the quality of life for individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a short report","volume":"34","author":"SS Maharaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2021.1883513","article-title":"Effects of a four-week aerobic exercise programme on depression, anxiety and general self-efficacy in people living with HIV on highly active anti-retroviral therapy","volume":"34","author":"NA Odunaiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2020.03.236","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on functional capacity and health status of individuals living with HIV\/AIDS in Kano, Nigeria: pilot study","volume":"107","author":"A Shittu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"pgph.0007070.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836306.153","article-title":"Effects of a 6-week aerobic exercise programme on the cardiovascular parameters, body composition, and quality of life of people living with human immune virus","volume":"14","author":"DO John","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000299","article-title":"Effects of an education and home-based pedometer walking program on ischemic heart disease risk factors in people infected with HIV: a randomized trial","volume":"67","author":"R Roos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9319-4","article-title":"The effects of exercise training on quality of life in HAART-treated HIV-positive Rwandan subjects with body fat redistribution","volume":"17","author":"E Mutimura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/25787489.2022.2054397","article-title":"Impact of supervised aerobic exercise on clinical physiological and mental parameters of people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"P Kalatzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"HIV Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2024.108144","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of minimally supervised home and community exercise interventions in improving physical activity, body adiposity and quality of life in adults living with HIV","volume":"189","author":"JAA Aminde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref064","unstructured":"Mabweazara SZ, Leach LL, Onagbiye SO, Laguette M-JN, Larmuth KM, Mthethwa M, et al. Evidence profile: Benefits of physical activity for people living with HIV and AIDS for selected health outcomes. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/physical-activity\/call-for-consultation\/evidence-on-pa-and-hiv2.pdf?sfvrsn=5a576e1f_4&utm_source=chatgpt.com"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.12.001","article-title":"Benefits and barriers to physical activity among African women: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"OC Obi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2009.07.002","article-title":"Sex differences in obesity rates in poor countries: evidence from South Africa","volume":"7","author":"A Case","year":"2009","journal-title":"Econ Hum Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pgph.0007070.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.141","article-title":"Obesity in South Africa: the South African demographic and health survey","volume":"10","author":"T Puoane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-1030-z","article-title":"Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"JM Leal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0007070.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1665163","article-title":"The effects of exercise on lipid profile and blood glucose levels in people living with HIV: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"32","author":"NN Quiles","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref070","article-title":"What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"G O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"pgph.0007070.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12532","article-title":"The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"M Wewege","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0007070.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.02.037","article-title":"Isolated aerobic exercise and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"124","author":"A Thorogood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pgph.0007070.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082853","article-title":"Impact of different training modalities on anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in overweight\/obese subjects: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"L Schwingshackl","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pgph.0007070.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13218","article-title":"Impact of different training modalities on anthropometric outcomes in patients with obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"J Morze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pgph.0007070.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13446","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on waist circumference in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"A Armstrong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pgph.0007070.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2022-208480","article-title":"Best practice for LDL-cholesterol: when and how to calculate","volume":"76","author":"J Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v1.i2.36","article-title":"Surrogate markers of insulin resistance: A review","volume":"1","author":"B Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"pgph.0007070.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v4.i2.56","article-title":"Impact of antiretroviral therapy on lipid metabolism of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Old and new drugs","volume":"4","author":"J da Cunha","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51832-y","article-title":"The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"FM Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"18","key":"pgph.0007070.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106195","article-title":"Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"57","author":"B Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-18","article-title":"Do interventions to promote walking in groups increase physical activity? A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"A Kassavou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-025-01844-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of booster strategies to promote physical activity maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"G Tarantino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"pgph.0007070.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.021","article-title":"Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in achieving behaviour change maintenance in young and middle aged adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"192","author":"JM Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pgph.0007070.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-10-32","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected individuals: underlying mechanisms and epidemiological aspects","volume":"10","author":"AA Paula","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"}],"container-title":["PLOS Global Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:22:18Z","timestamp":1790616138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007070"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Miguel Reina","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health","place":["UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0007070","relation":{},"ISSN":["2767-3375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2767-3375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}}}