{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:38:57Z","timestamp":1775072337841,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]],"date-time":"2011-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1299542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]],"date-time":"2011-03-08T22:00:50Z","timestamp":1299621650000},"page":"e980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Mucosal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jorge Augusto de Oliveira","family":"Guerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suzane Ribeiro","family":"Prestes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leila In\u00eas de Aguiar Raposo C\u00e2mara","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pricila","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aristoteles","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valdir","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria das Gra\u00e7as Vale","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos de Lima","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.266","article-title":"Treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis in Latin America: systematic review.","volume":"77","author":"VS Amato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000300001","article-title":"Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of American cutaneous leishmaniasis with special reference to the disease in Amazonian Brazil: a review.","volume":"99","author":"FT Silveira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X1994000800014","article-title":"Tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases in Brazil: emerging anthropozoonosis and possibilities for their control.","volume":"10","author":"MC Marzochi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Uso e acesso aos recursos florestais: os caboclos do baixo Amazonas e seus atributos s\u00f3cio-culturais.","author":"C Futemma","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"105","article-title":"Considera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a produ\u00e7\u00e3o da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Estado do Amazonas.","author":"MG Paes","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821985000100011","article-title":"Our present knowledge of the ecology and control of leishmaniasis in the Amazon Region of Brazil.","volume":"18","author":"R Lainson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.536","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Bahia, Brazil: evidence that Leishmania amazonensis produces a wide spectrum of clinical disease.","volume":"44","author":"A Barral","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761988000400022","article-title":"Isolation of Leishmania guyanensis from lesions of the nasal mucosa.","volume":"83","author":"RD Naiff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.49","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics.","volume":"59","author":"LE Osorio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.492","article-title":"Value of diagnostic techniques for cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"49","author":"WR Faber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00663-X","article-title":"Rapid identification of Leishmania species from formalin-fixed biopsy samples by polymorphism-specific polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"210","author":"T Mimori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-24442005000600006","article-title":"Evaluation of the genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral samples archived for the past 40-years.","volume":"41","author":"TN Lib\u00f3rio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.10.005","article-title":"Leishmania (Viannia) subgenus kDNA amplification for the diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis.","volume":"51","author":"J Disch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90537-5","article-title":"Detection of cutaneous Leishmania infection in paraffin-embedded skin biopsies using the polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"89","author":"T Laskay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.12.003","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is highly sensitive for diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis.","volume":"94","author":"JG Oliveira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1819-1823.1999","article-title":"Use of PCR in diagnosis of human american tegumentary leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","volume":"37","author":"C Pirmez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"A Amaz\u00f4nia em n\u00fameros.","author":"F Peixoto","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01416-07","article-title":"Comparison between quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, and real-time PCR for quantification of Leishmania parasites.","volume":"46","author":"W van der Meide","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90031-7","article-title":"Amplification of kinetoplast DNA as a tool in the detection and diagnosis of Leishmania.","volume":"71","author":"MR Rodgers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.9.2931-2935.1999","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum in dogs by PCR with lymph node aspirates and blood.","volume":"37","author":"S Reale","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3147-3153.2003","article-title":"Identification and differentiation of Leishmania species in clinical samples by PCR amplification of the miniexon sequence and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.","volume":"41","author":"J Marfurt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis .Current scenario and prospects for treatment.","volume":"105","author":"VS Amato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"7","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90185-2","article-title":"The American leishmaniases: some observations on their ecology and epidemiology.","volume":"77","author":"R Lainson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000745","article-title":"The rarity of infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis among patients from the Manaus region of Amazonas state, Brazil, who have cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"96","author":"GA Romero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90243-9","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis (&quot;espundia&quot; Escomel, 1911).","volume":"80","author":"PD Marsden","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821984000400004","article-title":"Human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Tr\u00eas Bra\u00e7os, Bahia, Brazil. An area of <italic>Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis<\/italic> transmission. III. Mucosal disease: presentation and initial evolution.","volume":"17","author":"PD Marsden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.08.001","article-title":"Risk factors for mucosal manifestation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"99","author":"GL Machado-Coelho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3126-3132.2003","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism and molecular epidemiology of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis from different hosts and geographic areas in Brazil.","volume":"41","author":"E Cupolillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.468-473.2006","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in French Guiana.","volume":"44","author":"B Rotureau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761998000500018","article-title":"Genetic diversity in natural populations of New World Leishmania.","volume":"93","author":"E Cupolillo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.508-514.2004","article-title":"Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis population structure and its clinical implication in a region of endemicity for American tegumentary leishmaniasis.","volume":"72","author":"A Schriefer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1506.080406","article-title":"Geographic clustering of leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil.","volume":"15","author":"A Schriefer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.573","article-title":"Multiple hybrid genotypes of Leishmania (viannia) in a focus of mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis.","volume":"76","author":"D Nolder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"343","article-title":"[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazilian Amazonia].","volume":"37","author":"G Camuset","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762003000800004","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil.","volume":"98","author":"A Falqueto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761997000300006","article-title":"Persistent Infections by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.","volume":"92","author":"JL Ramirez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00261.x","article-title":"Successful diagnosis and treatment 50 years after exposure: is mucocutaneous leishmaniasis still a neglected differential diagnosis?","volume":"15","author":"RD Schleucher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Travel Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T06:14:07Z","timestamp":1592374447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000980"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Edgar M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000980","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]]}}}