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In contrast, malaria risk heterogeneity remains little studied in regions where <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> is the dominant species. Are repeatedly infected people in vivax malaria settings such as the Amazon just unlucky? Here, we briefly review evidence that human genetic polymorphism and acquired immunity after repeated exposure to parasites can modulate the risk of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> infection and disease in predictable ways. One-fifth of the hosts account for 80% or more of the community-wide vivax malaria burden and contribute disproportionally to onward transmission, representing a priority target of more intensive interventions to achieve malaria elimination. Importantly, high-risk individuals eventually develop clinical immunity, even in areas with very low or residual malaria transmission, and may constitute a large but silent parasite reservoir.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T18:25:27Z","timestamp":1673547927000},"page":"e0011020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Individual variation in Plasmodium vivax malaria risk: Are repeatedly infected people just unlucky?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo M.","family":"Corder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Arez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5293-9090","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcelo 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