{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:29:00Z","timestamp":1771662540556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]],"date-time":"2009-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1253836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]],"date-time":"2009-09-25T12:44:51Z","timestamp":1253882691000},"page":"e7149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Postmortem Analyses Unveil the Poor Efficacy of Decontamination, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Therapies in Paraquat Human Intoxications"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ricardo Jorge","family":"Dinis-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula Guedes","family":"de Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Agostinho","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de Lourdes Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Remi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440701669959","article-title":"Paraquat poisonings: mechanisms of lung toxicity, clinical features, and treatment.","volume":"38","author":"RJ Dinis-Oliveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Paraquat Poisoning: Mechanisms, Prevention, Treatment.","author":"C Bismuth","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"107","article-title":"Pathophysiology and biochemical mechanisms of the pulmonary toxicty of paraquat.","author":"CP Lewis","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000223179.07633.8a","article-title":"Acute paraquat poisoning: report of a survival case following intake of a potential lethal dose.","volume":"22","author":"RJ Dinis-Oliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"5362"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.03.026","article-title":"Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of the herbicides paraquat and diquat in plasma and urine samples.","volume":"853","author":"RM de Almeida","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.10.015","article-title":"An effective antidote for paraquat poisonings: The treatment with lysine acetylsalicylate.","volume":"255","author":"RJ Dinis-Oliveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.07.064","article-title":"Chronic exposure to ethanol exacerbates MDMA-induced hyperthermia and exposes liver to severe MDMA-induced toxicity in CD1 mice.","volume":"252","author":"H Pontes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"57","article-title":"Laboratory notes of technical methods for the nervous system.","volume":"50","author":"I van Gieson","year":"1889","journal-title":"NY Med J"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eine kleine Verbesserung der H\u00e4matoxylin van-Gieson-methode.","volume":"21","author":"K Weigert","year":"1904","journal-title":"Ztschr wiss Mikr"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"42","article-title":"Pesticide poisoning in Costa Rica during 1996.","volume":"40","author":"YR Leveridge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2001.7.2.90","article-title":"Pesticide-related illness and injuries among banana workers in Costa Rica: a comparison between 1993 and 1996.","volume":"7","author":"C Wesseling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"34","article-title":"Analysis of 1,000 consecutive cases of acute poisoning in the suburb of Tokyo leading to hospitalization.","volume":"38","author":"M Yamashita","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp006","article-title":"Prediction of outcome after paraquat poisoning by measurement of the plasma paraquat concentration.","volume":"102","author":"L Senarathna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650701549403","article-title":"Association between plasma paraquat level and outcome of paraquat poisoning in 375 paraquat poisoning patients.","volume":"46","author":"HW Gil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050049","article-title":"Improvement in survival after paraquat ingestion following introduction of a new formulation in Sri Lanka.","volume":"5","author":"MF Wilks","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.02.037","article-title":"Pesticide intoxications in the Centre of Portugal: three years analysis.","volume":"143","author":"H Teixeira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9432(76)90031-5","article-title":"The increasing use of paraquat as a suicidal agent.","volume":"7","author":"DJ Carson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Forensic Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1191\/0748233703th171oa","article-title":"Effect of haemoperfusion on plasma paraquat concentration in vitro and in vivo.","volume":"19","author":"SF Hong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01478553","article-title":"Two survivors of severe paraquat intoxication by \u201ccontinuous hemoperfusion\u201d.","volume":"57","author":"S Okonek","year":"1979","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3109\/15563658208992514","article-title":"Successful treatment of paraquat poisoning: activated charcoal per os and \u201ccontinuous hemoperfusion\u201d.","volume":"19","author":"S Okonek","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3109\/15563658208992501","article-title":"Prognosis and treatment of paraquat poisoning. A review of 28 cases.","volume":"19","author":"C Bismuth","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"423","article-title":"Paraquat intoxication and hemocarboperfusion.","volume":"18","author":"R Castro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718600500103","article-title":"Haemoperfusion: a useful therapy for a severely poisoned patient?","volume":"5","author":"ME De Broe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3109\/15563657108990492","article-title":"Paraquat poisoning-prolonged excretion.","volume":"4","author":"AR Beebeejaun","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"211","article-title":"Paraquat poisoning: biological presentation.","volume":"8","author":"C Bismuth","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Exp"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719000900103","article-title":"Toxicokinetics of paraquat in humans.","volume":"9","author":"P Houze","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718700600110","article-title":"Elimination of paraquat.","volume":"6","author":"C Bismuth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1981.tb00035.x","article-title":"Hepatic injury associated with paraquat toxicity in humans.","volume":"1","author":"FG Mullick","year":"1981","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1988.tb01012.x","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic study of the liver in paraquat poisoning.","volume":"8","author":"K Takegoshi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70079-9","article-title":"Drug- and chemical-induced cholestasis.","volume":"3","author":"JH Lewis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03260010","article-title":"Drug-induced cholestasis.","volume":"2","author":"HJ Zimmerman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Toxicol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00456-5","article-title":"Regulation of biliary drug efflux pump expression by hormones and xenobiotics.","volume":"167","author":"O Fardel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"380","article-title":"Drug membrane transporters in the liver: regulation of their expression and activity.","volume":"60","author":"O Fardel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Pharm Fr"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00353313","article-title":"Paraquat poisoning in man.","volume":"34","author":"JM Douze","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.012","article-title":"P-glycoprotein induction: an antidotal pathway for paraquat-induced lung toxicity.","volume":"41","author":"RJ Dinis-Oliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"637","article-title":"Paraquat.","author":"RC Baselt","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"161","article-title":"Toxicokinetics of paraquat.","author":"P Houze","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38729-X","article-title":"Sequential bilateral lung transplantation for paraquat poisoning. A case report.","volume":"89","author":"NR Saunders","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659409000452","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in advanced paraquat intoxication.","volume":"32","author":"C Koppel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hemoperfusion-hemodialysis ineffective for paraquat removal in life-threatening poisoning?","volume":"23","author":"FL Van de Vyver","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(72)90174-3","article-title":"Correlation of paraquat toxicity with tissue concentrations and weight loss of the rat.","volume":"22","author":"CW Sharp","year":"1972","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(76)90344-0","article-title":"Paraquat accumulation: tissue and species specificity.","volume":"25","author":"MS Rose","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00190-X","article-title":"Paraquat myopathy: report on two suicide cases.","volume":"100","author":"N Tabata","year":"1999","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"6","article-title":"Initial accumulation of paraquat in the heart leading to acute death.","volume":"44","author":"N Noguchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1980.tb02910.x","article-title":"The changing pattern of paraquat poisoning in man.","volume":"4","author":"C Parkinson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11536J","article-title":"Paraquat myocarditis and adrenal cortical necrosis.","volume":"28","author":"RM Reif","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci Soc"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.3109\/15563658108990319","article-title":"Paraquat poisoning: toxicologic and pathologic findings in three fatal cases.","volume":"18","author":"LA Russell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"95","article-title":"[A cardiac lesion secondary to paraquat].","volume":"59","author":"R Povoa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.4.1892020","article-title":"Paraquat poisoning: findings on chest radiography and CT in 42 patients.","volume":"157","author":"JG Im","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.6.1956","article-title":"Tracheal injury caused by ingested paraquat.","volume":"119","author":"M Ruiz-Bail\u00e9n","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00401-1","article-title":"Organ weight in 684 adult autopsies: new tables for a Caucasoid population.","volume":"119","author":"GL de la Grandmaison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0007149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T19:18:45Z","timestamp":1710616725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0007149"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wen-Liang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0007149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]}}}