{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:53:36Z","timestamp":1776776016195,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]],"date-time":"2011-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316390400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]],"date-time":"2011-09-19T21:21:58Z","timestamp":1316467318000},"page":"e24438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":381,"title":["Effects of Transport Inhibitors on the Cellular Uptake of Carboxylated Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Different Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iseult","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Small sizes that matter: Opportunities and risks of Nanotechnologies","author":"O Allianz","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1021\/nn900002m","article-title":"Impact of Nanotechnology on Drug Delivery.","volume":"3","author":"OC Farokhzad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acs Nano"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05361.x","article-title":"Nanotechnology applications and approaches for neuroregeneration and drug delivery to the central nervous system.","volume":"1199","author":"GA Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2217\/17435889.3.4.401","article-title":"Impact of nanoscience and nanotechnology on controlled drug delivery.","volume":"3","author":"BBC Youan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(02)00044-3","article-title":"Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis.","volume":"54","author":"I Brigger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1566","article-title":"Cancer nanotechnology: Opportunities and challenges.","volume":"5","author":"M Ferrari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1039\/C0MB00109K","article-title":"Time and space resolved uptake study of silica nanoparticles by human cells.","volume":"7","author":"K Shapero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Biosystems"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.05.003","article-title":"Intracellular trafficking pathways and drug delivery: fluorescence imaging of living and fixed cells.","volume":"57","author":"P Watson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5425.215","article-title":"Cell biology - The structural era of endocytosis.","volume":"285","author":"M Marsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.78.081307.110540","article-title":"Mechanisms of Endocytosis.","volume":"78","author":"GJ Doherty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0854.2003.00128.x","article-title":"Lipid rafts and caveolae as portals for endocytosis: New insights and common mechanisms.","volume":"4","author":"RG Parton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2216","article-title":"Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis.","volume":"8","author":"S Mayor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01451","article-title":"Regulated portals of entry into the cell.","volume":"422","author":"SD Conner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.593","article-title":"Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages.","volume":"17","author":"A Aderem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00797-3","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated phagocytosis is a mechanism of entry into macrophages.","volume":"110","author":"E Gagnon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.08.029","article-title":"Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the dominant mechanism of vesicle retrieval at hippocampal synapses.","volume":"51","author":"B Granseth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.139022","article-title":"Clathrin-mediated endocytosis: the physiological mechanism of vesicle retrieval at hippocampal synapses.","volume":"585","author":"B Granseth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology-London"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.038729","article-title":"Inhibitors of clathrin-dependent endocytosis enhance TGF beta signaling and responses.","volume":"122","author":"CL Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16657","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C400046200","article-title":"Analysis of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor by RNA interference.","volume":"279","author":"FT Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031253","article-title":"Size-dependent internalization of particles via the pathways of clathrin-and caveolae-mediated endocytosis.","volume":"377","author":"J Rejman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.699","article-title":"CLATHRIN.","volume":"69","author":"T Kirchhausen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200407113","article-title":"Clathrin- and caveolin-1-independent endocytosis: entry of simian virus 40 into cells devoid of caveolae.","volume":"168","author":"EM Damm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.4.905","article-title":"Filipin-dependent inhibition of cholera toxin: Evidence for toxin internalization and activation through caveolae-like domains.","volume":"141","author":"PA Orlandi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200302028","article-title":"Caveolae\/raft-dependent endocytosis.","volume":"161","author":"IR Nabi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/35036052","article-title":"Lipid rafts and signal transduction.","volume":"1","author":"K Simons","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.22.3957","article-title":"The role of lipid rafts in signalling and membrane trafficking in T lymphocytes.","volume":"114","author":"MA Alonso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670-U673","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05996","article-title":"Shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cells.","volume":"450","author":"W Romer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.10.044","article-title":"The GTPase-Activating Protein GRAF1 Regulates the CLIC\/GEEC Endocytic Pathway.","volume":"18","author":"R Lundmark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.24.14399","article-title":"Endothelial caveolae have the molecular-transport machinery for vesicle budding, docking, and fusion including VAMP, NSF, SNAP, ANNEXINS, and GTPases.","volume":"270","author":"JE Schnitzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0371061","article-title":"GRAF1-dependent endocytosis.","volume":"37","author":"GJ Doherty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(00)89101-1","article-title":"MACROPINOCYTOSIS.","volume":"5","author":"JA Swanson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0509-510","article-title":"Virus entry by macropinocytosis.","volume":"11","author":"J Mercer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07062.x","article-title":"Complete high-density lipoproteins in nanoparticle corona.","volume":"276","author":"E Hellstrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Febs Journal"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5856","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.200700465","article-title":"Detailed Identification of Plasma Proteins Adsorbed on Copolymer Nanoparticles.","volume":"119","author":"T Cedervall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2008.02.002","article-title":"Polystyrene nanoparticle trafficking across alveolar epithelium.","volume":"4","author":"NR Yacobi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"The translocation of fullerenic nanoparticles into lysosome via the pathway of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.","volume":"19","author":"W Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.02.021","article-title":"Privileged delivery of polymer nanoparticles to the perinuclear region of live cells via a non-clathrin, non-degradative pathway.","volume":"28","author":"SK Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.1.0010","article-title":"Uptake characteristics of liposomes by rat alveolar macrophages: influence of particle size and surface mannose modification.","volume":"59","author":"S Chono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200900005","article-title":"Size Effect on Cell Uptake in Well-Suspended, Uniform Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.","volume":"5","author":"F Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1021\/bc800206r","article-title":"Cellular uptake and intracellular pathways of PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles.","volume":"19","author":"T Luhmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chemistry"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.09.050","article-title":"The influence of protein adsorption on nanoparticle association with cultured endothelial cells.","volume":"30","author":"MS Ehrenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Experimental and theoretical comparison of intracellular import of polymeric nanoparticles and small molecules: Towards models of Uptake Kinetics.","author":"A Salvati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanomedicine:Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1021\/nl052396o","article-title":"Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells.","volume":"6","author":"BD Chithrani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Letters"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6520","DOI":"10.1021\/ja048792a","article-title":"A quantum dot conjugated sugar ball and its cellular uptake on the size effects of endocytosis in the subviral region.","volume":"126","author":"F Osaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200800123","article-title":"Uptake Mechanism of Oppositely Charged Fluorescent Nanoparticles in HeLa Cells.","volume":"8","author":"J Dausend","year":"2008","journal-title":"Macromolecular Bioscience"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020404615898","article-title":"Uptake of FITC-chitosan nanoparticles by a549 cells.","volume":"19","author":"M Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.07.023","article-title":"Improved cellular uptake of chitosan-modi fled PLGA nanospheres by A549 cells.","volume":"382","author":"K Tahara","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Kidlington)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2010.1100","article-title":"Interaction of MnO and ZnO Nanomaterials with Biomedically Important Proteins and Cells.","volume":"6","author":"H Gann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Cationic nanoparticles induce caspase 3-, 7- and 9-mediated cytotoxicity in a human astrocytoma cell line.","author":"MG Bexiga","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9645","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9645-9655.1998","article-title":"Effect of bafilomycin A1 and nocodazole on endocytic transport in HeLa cells: Implications for viral uncoating and infection.","volume":"72","author":"N Bayer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2008.09.051","article-title":"The use of endocytic inhibitors to study uptake of gene carriers.","volume":"132","author":"DNE Vercauteren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Controlled Release"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45614-1","article-title":"Genistein, a specific inhibitor of Tyrosine-specific protein-kinases.","volume":"262","author":"T Akiyama","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02633988","article-title":"Effect of genistein, a Tyrosine-specific protein-kinase inhibitor, on cell rouding by pH upshifting.","volume":"29A","author":"KH Sit","year":"1993","journal-title":"In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.54.4.561","article-title":"Targeted drug delivery via the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway.","volume":"54","author":"ZM Qian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041560213","article-title":"Microtubules are involved in transport of macromolecules by vesicles in clultured bovine aortic endothelial-cells.","volume":"156","author":"SM Liu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7026","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.7026","article-title":"A role for microtubules in sorting endocytic vesicles in rat hepatocytes.","volume":"89","author":"JS Goltz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38110-4","article-title":"Composition, concentration, and size of low density lipoproteins and of subfractions of very low density lipoproteins from serum of normal men and women.","volume":"23","author":"Z Kuchinskiene","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.09.049","article-title":"Serum heat inactivation affects protein corona composition and nanoparticle uptake.","volume":"31","author":"A Lesniak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44637-0","article-title":"The kinetics of transferrin endocytosis and iron uptake from transferrin in rabbit reticulocytes.","volume":"258","author":"BJ Iacopetta","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.17.6425","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive steps in the transport of secretory proteins through golgi-complex in exocrine pancreatic-cells.","volume":"83","author":"J Saraste","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.02.064","article-title":"Cell responses regulated by early reorganization of actin cytoskeleton.","volume":"582","author":"EA Papakonstanti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Febs Letters"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C606","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00075.2010","article-title":"Actin reorganization contributes to loss of cell adhesion in pemphigus vulgaris.","volume":"299","author":"M Gliem","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.04.067","article-title":"Curling and Local Shape Changes of Red Blood Cell Membranes Driven by Cytoskeletal Reorganization.","volume":"99","author":"D Kabaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biophysical Journal"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.281","article-title":"The use of Inhibitors to Study Endocytic Pathways of Gene Carriers: Optimization and Pitfalls.","volume":"18","author":"D Vercauteren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.10.012","article-title":"Effects of endocytosis inhibitors on internalization of human IgG by Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells.","volume":"85","author":"K Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1021\/mp700089s","article-title":"Endocytosis inhibitors prevent poly(amidoamine) dendrimer internalization and permeability across Ceco-2 cells.","volume":"5","author":"KM Kitchens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Exocytosis and Endocytosis","author":"II Andrei","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.20.3737","article-title":"Internalization of cholera toxin by different endocytic mechanisms.","volume":"114","author":"ML Torgersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T16:40:24Z","timestamp":1638722424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024438"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Schnur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024438","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]]}}}