{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:07:02Z","timestamp":1771063622215,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T20:54:20Z","timestamp":1335992060000},"page":"e36371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Neonate Human Remains: A Window of Opportunity to the Molecular Study of Ancient Syphilis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Montiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduvigis","family":"Sol\u00f3rzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brenda A.","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mari Pau","family":"Ca\u00f1adas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Isidro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Assumpci\u00f3","family":"Malgosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199303000-00010","article-title":"The origin of syphilis. Clinical and epidemiologic considerations on the Columbian theory.","volume":"20","author":"A Luger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Natural variations and differential diagnosis of skeletal change in bejel (endemic syphilis).","author":"I Hershkovitz","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08170-6","article-title":"Fracastoro and syphilis: 500 years on.","volume":"348","author":"MM Hudson","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"A treponematosis dated from the Late Roman Empire in Normandie, France.","author":"J Blondiaux","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Treponematosis in an Ancient Greek colony of Metaponoto, southern Italy, 580-250 BC.","author":"M Henneberg","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Treponematosis in Gloucester, England: a theoretical and practical approach to the pre-Columbian theory.","author":"C Roberts","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1390020309","article-title":"Pre-Columbian syphilis from the Late Antiquity in France. Int.","volume":"2","author":"G P\u00e1lfi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Osteoarchaeol"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Evidence for pre-Columbian treponematosis in medieval Europe (England).","author":"A Stirland","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1063","article-title":"Palaeomicrobiology: current issues and perspectives.","volume":"3","author":"M Drancourt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1086\/315151","article-title":"Identification of <italic>Treponema pallidum<\/italic> subspecies <italic>pallidum<\/italic> in a 200-year-old skeletal specimen.","volume":"180","author":"CJ Kolman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00617-7","article-title":"DNA sequences of <italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/italic> recovered from ancient bones.","volume":"226","author":"R Montiel","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01133-8","article-title":"Tuberculosis: from prehistory to Robert Koch, as revealed by ancient DNA.","volume":"4","author":"HD Donoghue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"213","article-title":"Ancient DNA: A modern look at the infections of the past.","author":"A Malgosa","year":"2005"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003426","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of 9,000-year-old <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> from a Neolithic settlement in the Eastern Mediterranean.","volume":"3","author":"I Hershkovitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2004.11.014","article-title":"The limits of biomolecular palaeopathology: ancient DNA cannot be used to study venereal syphilis.","volume":"32","author":"AS Bouwman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3339","article-title":"Evaluating bacterial pathogen DNA preservation in museum osteological collections.","volume":"273","author":"I Barnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2007.02.007","article-title":"Digging deeper into the limits of ancient DNA research on syphilis.","volume":"34","author":"TE von Hunnius","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4584","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57173","article-title":"Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease.","volume":"121","author":"EL Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00784-06","article-title":"Molecular differentiation of <italic>Treponema pallidum<\/italic> subspecies.","volume":"44","author":"A Centurion-Lara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1086\/515247","article-title":"The flanking region sequences of the 15-kDa lipoprotein gene differentiate pathogenic treponemes.","volume":"177","author":"A Centurion-Lara","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001273","article-title":"Molecular typing of <italic>Treponema pallidum<\/italic>: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"5","author":"RR Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"57","article-title":"The Hermitage of La Soledad through archaeology.","author":"C Garc\u00eda","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02066.x","article-title":"Antenatal syphilis serology in pregnant women and follow-up of their infants in northern Italy.","volume":"14","author":"A Marangoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"169","article-title":"Early congenital syphilis with isolated bone involvement: a case report.","volume":"51","author":"D Armangil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"871","article-title":"[Clinical features of 121 infants below 3 months of age with congenital syphilis].","volume":"47","author":"HJ Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Metabolic, degenerative, and inflammatory diseases of bones and joints","author":"HL Jaffe","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"297","article-title":"Tooth buds and jaws in patients with congenital syphilis: Correlation between distribution of <italic>Treponema pallidum<\/italic> and tissue reaction.","volume":"20","author":"WH Bauer","year":"1944","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"297","article-title":"[Tooth Germ Changes in Congenital Syphilis].","volume":"20","author":"GC Je","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Seoul Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"175","article-title":"Osteolytic lesions in early syphilis.","volume":"43","author":"MF Bauer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270240042025","article-title":"Destructive bone disease in early syphilis.","volume":"236","author":"WE Dismukes","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"265","article-title":"Bone lesions in early syphilis detected by bone scintigraphy.","volume":"60","author":"K Hansen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"41","article-title":"Paleopatolog\u00eda perinatal en los enterramientos de la Ermita de la Soledad (Huelva).","author":"S Safont","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"81","article-title":"Estimation de l&apos;\u00e2ge des non-adultes: maturation dentaire et croissance osseuse. Donn\u00e9es comparatives pour deux n\u00e9cropoles m\u00e9di\u00e9vales bas-normandes.","volume":"24","author":"A Alduc-Le Bagousse","year":"1988","journal-title":"Notes et monographies techniques du CRA"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1390030405","article-title":"Diaphyseal growth in a nineteenth century skeletal sample of subadults from St. Thomas&apos; Church, Belleville, Ontario.","volume":"3","author":"S Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"228","article-title":"Human skeletal growth and age discrimination.","volume":"29","author":"RI Sundick","year":"1978","journal-title":"Homo"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Developmental Juvenile Osteology","author":"L Scheuer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330460118","article-title":"Developmental changes of the cranial bone thickness in the human fetal period.","volume":"46","author":"F Ohtsuki","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthrop"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(199609)6:4<388::AID-OA286>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Pathological evidence in newborn children from the sixteenth century in Huelva (Spain).","volume":"6","author":"A Malgosa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarchaeol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1353\/hub.2001.0069","article-title":"Authenticating ancient human mitochondrial DNA.","volume":"73","author":"R Montiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"221","article-title":"Overcoming PCR inhibitors in Ancient DNA extracts from Teeth.","volume":"1","author":"R Montiel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Ancient Biomol"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Estudio diacr\u00f3nico de la variabilidad del DNA mitocondrial en poblaci\u00f3n catalana.","author":"R Montiel","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5806","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/290457a0","article-title":"Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.","volume":"290","author":"S Anderson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46943-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization and analysis of a gene encoding the acidic repeat protein (Arp) of <italic>Treponema pallidum<\/italic>.","volume":"56","author":"H Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool.","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0036371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T17:02:37Z","timestamp":1540314157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0036371"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Caramelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0036371","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]}}}